Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30577056›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of perinatology2019

Variation in Gastrostomy Tube Placement in Premature Infants in the United States.

Nathaniel H Greene, Rachel G Greenberg, Sean M O'Brien, Alex R Kemper, Marie Lynn Miranda, Reese H Clark, P Brian Smith

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of perinatology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. One-year outcomes of infants discharged with a nasogastric feeding tube.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026
    Article
  4. Feeding outcomes of preterm infants discharged with feeding tubes.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Enteral tube feeding selection at NICU discharge and resource utilization.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2023
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Association of gastrostomy placement on hospital readmission in premature infants.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2019
    Article
  12. Tube feeding outcomes of infants in a Level IV NICU.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2019
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Nathaniel H GreeneDivision of Pediatric Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
Rachel G GreenbergDivision of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
Sean M O'BrienDuke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina.
Alex R KemperDuke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina.
Marie Lynn MirandaDepartment of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, Texas.
Reese H ClarkPediatrix Medical Group, Sunrise, Florida.
P Brian SmithDivision of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.

Funding

Duke Research Training Program for PediatriciansT32HD043029 · NICHD · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI BENJAMIN, DANIEL K. · 2002 to 2017
$3.7M
PATIENT SAFETY RESEARCH DURING NEONATAL CARE (R21)R21HD080606 · NICHD · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI SMITH, PHILLIP BRIAN · 2015 to 2016
$457k
FDA HHS R18 FD005292NIAID NIH HHS HHSN272201300017CNIAID NIH HHS HHSN272201300017INICHD NIH HHS HHSN275201000003CNICHD NIH HHS HHSN275201000003INICHD NIH HHS R21 HD080606NICHD NIH HHS T32 HD043029
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo describe the variation in surgical gastrostomy tube (SGT) placement in premature infants among neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in the United States. STUDY

designWe identified 8,781 premature infants discharged from 114 NICUs in the Pediatrix Medical Group from 2010 to 2012. The outcome of interest was SGT placement prior to discharge home from an NICU. Unadjusted proportions and adjusted risk estimates were calculated to quantify variation observed among individual NICUs.

resultsSGT placement occurred in 360 of 8,781 (4.1%) of infants. Across NICUs, any gastrostomy tube placement ranged from none in 45 NICUs up to 19.6%. Adjusted risk estimates for factors associated with SGT placement included gestational age at birth (odds ratio [OR]: 0.7/week, 95% confidence interval[CI]: [0.65, 0.75]), small for gestational age status (OR: 2.78 [2.09, 3.71]), administration of antenatal steroids (OR: 0.69 [0.52, 0.92]), Hispanic ethnicity (OR: 0.54 [0.37, 0.78]), and higher 5-minute Apgar scores (7-10, OR: 0.54 [0.37, 0.79]).

conclusionIndividual NICU center has a strong clinical effect on the probability of SGT placement relative to other medical factors. Future work is needed to understand the cause of this variation and the degree to which it represents over or under use of gastrostomy tubes.

Indexed as

Infant, PrematureBronchopulmonary DysplasiaFemaleGastrostomyGestational AgeHumansIncidenceInfant, NewbornInfant, Premature, DiseasesInfant, Small for Gestational AgeIntensive Care, NeonatalIntensive Care Units, NeonatalMalePractice Patterns, Physicians'United States

Identifiers

PMID30577056
PMCPMC9939950

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.