ReviewExperimental neurology2019
Broadening the definition of brain insulin resistance in aging and Alzheimer's disease.
Review in Experimental neurology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lower brain glucose metabolism in normal ageing is predominantly frontal and temporal: A systematic review and pooled effect size and activation likelihood estimates meta-analyses.Human brain mapping · 2023Pooled it
- Outcomes and clinical implications of intranasal insulin on cognition in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- The effect of intranasal insulin on appetite and mood in women with and without obesity: an experimental medicine study.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2022Trial
- Plasma biomarkers of neurodegeneration and intraindividual cognitive variability: Comparing variability across test at one time point and using repeated ecological momentary assessment.Neuropsychology · 2026Article
- Central cytometabolic functional vascular coupling in health and disease.npj metabolic health and disease · 2025Review
- Screening and In Vivo Validation of Key Genes Involved in Myelin Damage in Alzheimer's Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Exploring nutraceutical approaches linking metabolic syndrome and cognitive impairment.iScience · 2025Review
- IRS gene polymorphisms in Turkish patients with late-onset Alzheimer's disease.Molecular biology reports · 2025Article
- Peripheral insulin resistance attenuates cerebral glucose metabolism and impairs working memory in healthy adults.npj metabolic health and disease · 2024Article
- Biliverdin Reductase-A integrates insulin signaling with mitochondrial metabolism through phosphorylation of GSK3β.Redox biology · 2024Article
- Variable bioenergetic sensitivity of neurons and astrocytes to insulin and extracellular glucose.npj metabolic health and disease · 2024Article
- Ketogenic therapy towards precision medicine for brain diseases.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Review
- From Determining Brain Insulin Resistance in a Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease Model to Exploring the Region-Dependent Effect of Intranasal Insulin.Molecular neurobiology · 2023Article
- Long-Term Ingestion of Sicilian Black Bee Chestnut Honey and/or D-Limonene Counteracts Brain Damage Induced by High Fat-Diet in Obese Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Evidence for preserved insulin responsiveness in the aging rat brain.GeroScience · 2022Article
- Falling Short: The Contribution of Central Insulin Receptors to Gait Dysregulation in Brain Aging.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Sensitivity of the S1 neuronal calcium network to insulin and Bay-K 8644 in vivo: Relationship to gait, motivation, and aging processes.Aging cell · 2022Article
- Linking Diabetes Mellitus with Alzheimer's Disease: Bioinformatics Analysis for the Potential Pathways and Characteristic Genes.Biochemical genetics · 2022Article
- Induction of Brain Insulin Resistance and Alzheimer's Molecular Changes by Western Diet.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Metabolic Mechanisms Connecting Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases: Potential Avenues for Novel Therapeutic Approaches.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
It has been >20 years since studies first revealed that the brain is insulin sensitive, highlighted by the expression of insulin receptors in neurons and glia, the presence of circulating brain insulin, and even localized insulin production. Following these discoveries, evidence of decreased brain insulin receptor number and function was reported in both clinical samples and animal models of aging and Alzheimer's disease, setting the stage for the hypothesis that neuronal insulin resistance may underlie memory loss in these conditions. The development of therapeutic insulin delivery to the brain using intranasal insulin administration has been shown to improve aspects of memory or learning in both humans and animal models. However, whether this approach functions by compensating for poorly signaling insulin receptors, for reduced insulin levels in the brain, or for reduced trafficking of insulin into the brain remains unclear. Direct measures of insulin's impact on cellular physiology and metabolism in the brain have been sparse in models of Alzheimer's disease, and even fewer studies have analyzed these processes in the aged brain. Nevertheless, recent evidence supports the role of brain insulin as a mediator of glucose metabolism through several means, including altering glucose transporters. Here, we provide a review of contemporary literature on brain insulin resistance, highlight the rationale for improving memory function using intranasal insulin, and describe initial results from experiments using a molecular approach to more directly measure the impact of insulin receptor activation and signaling on glucose uptake in neurons.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.