ArticlePlant biotechnology journal2019
Cold chain and virus-free oral polio booster vaccine made in lettuce chloroplasts confers protection against all three poliovirus serotypes.
Article in Plant biotechnology journal, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tobacco-Based Vaccines, Hopes, and Concerns: A Systematic Review.Molecular biotechnology · 2023Pooled it
- Harnessing plant chloroplasts for oral delivery of a multi-epitope HPV vaccine: toward cost-effective systemic and mucosal immunization.Journal of biological engineering · 2025Article
- Debulking influenza and herpes simplex virus strains by a wide-spectrum anti-viral protein formulated in clinical grade chewing gum.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
- Advances and challenges in poliomyelitis vaccines: a comprehensive review of development, production, and global deployment.Frontiers in public health · 2025Review
- ADDovenom: Thermostable Protein-Based ADDomer Nanoparticles as New Therapeutics for Snakebite Envenoming.Toxins · 2023Article
- The lyophilized chloroplasts store synthetic DARPin G3 as bioactive encapsulated organelles.Journal of biological engineering · 2023Article
- Oral Vaccines: A Better Future of Immunization.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Chloroplast Engineering: Fundamental Insights and Its Application in Amelioration of Environmental Stress.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2023Review
- Genetic engineering of complex feed enzymes into barley seed for direct utilization in animal feedstuff.Plant biotechnology journal · 2023Article
- Current Advances of Plant-Based Vaccines for Neurodegenerative Diseases.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- LettuceGDB: The community database for lettuce genetics and omics.Plant communications · 2023Article
- Development of a plant-based oral vaccine candidate against the bovine respiratory pathogenFrontiers in plant science · 2023Article
- The production of the first functional antibody mimetic in higher plants: the chloroplast makes the DARPin G3 for HER2 imaging in oncology.Biological research · 2022Article
- Energy-efficient production of vaccine protein against porcine edema disease from transgenic lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.).Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Article
- Compendium on Food Crop Plants as a Platform for Pharmaceutical Protein Production.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Mini-synplastomes for plastid genetic engineering.Plant biotechnology journal · 2022Article
- Plant-Based Vaccines: Antigen Design, Diversity, and Strategies for High Level Production.Vaccines · 2022Review
- Plant-made poliovirus vaccines - Safe alternatives for global vaccination.Frontiers in plant science · 2022Review
- Contributions of the international plant science community to the fight against infectious diseases in humans-part 2: Affordable drugs in edible plants for endemic and re-emerging diseases.Plant biotechnology journal · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
To prevent vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis, WHO recommended withdrawal of Oral Polio Vaccine (Serotype-2) and a single dose of Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine (IPV). IPV however is expensive, requires cold chain, injections and offers limited intestinal mucosal immunity, essential to prevent polio reinfection in countries with open sewer system. To date, there is no virus-free and cold chain-free polio vaccine capable of inducing robust mucosal immunity. We report here a novel low-cost, cold chain/poliovirus-free, booster vaccine using poliovirus capsid protein (VP1, conserved in all serotypes) fused with cholera non-toxic B subunit (CTB) expressed in lettuce chloroplasts. PCR using unique primer sets confirmed site-specific integration of CTB-VP1 transgene cassettes. Absence of the native chloroplast genome in Southern blots confirmed homoplasmy. Codon optimization of the VP1 coding sequence enhanced its expression 9-15-fold in chloroplasts. GM1-ganglioside receptor-binding ELISA confirmed pentamer assembly of CTB-VP1 fusion protein, fulfilling a key requirement for oral antigen delivery through gut epithelium. Transmission Electron Microscope images and hydrodynamic radius analysis confirmed VP1-VLPs of 22.3 nm size. Mice primed with IPV and boosted three times with lyophilized plant cells expressing CTB-VP1co, formulated with plant-derived oral adjuvants, enhanced VP1-specific IgG1, VP1-IgA titres and neutralization (80%-100% seropositivity of Sabin-1, 2, 3). In contrast, IPV single dose resulted in <50% VP1-IgG1 and negligible VP1-IgA titres, poor neutralization and seropositivity (<20%, <40% Sabin 1,2). Mice orally boosted with CTB-VP1co, without IPV priming, failed to produce any protective neutralizing antibody. Because global population is receiving IPV single dose, booster vaccine free of poliovirus or cold chain offers a timely low-cost solution to eradicate polio.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.