ArticleDrug and alcohol review2019
Prevalence of reagent test-kit use and perceptions of purity among ecstasy users in an electronic dance music scene in New York City.
Article in Drug and alcohol review, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Characteristics of adverse reactions to kratom and implementation of harm reduction strategies in a sample of ethnobotanical tea bar patrons in Colorado.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Use of reagent test kits and fentanyl test strips among electronic music festival attendees in Colorado: prevalence, barriers, and behavior in response to drug checking.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- Ecstasy, molly, MDMA: What health practitioners need to know about this common recreational drug.Disease-a-month : DM · 2025Review
- Increases in the use of drug testing kits among nightclub and festival attendees in New York City who use ecstasy, 2017-2022.Drug and alcohol review · 2024Article
- Harm reduction behaviours and harm experiences of people who use 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in Aotearoa New Zealand.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- Substance use, harm reduction attitudes and behaviors among attendees of nature rave parties in Israel.Harm reduction journal · 2023Article
- Drug checking at dance festivals: A review with recommendations to increase generalizability of findings.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2021Review
- Underreporting of drug use among electronic dance music party attendees.Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2021Article
- Shifts in Unintentional Exposure to Drugs Among People Who Use Ecstasy in the Electronic Dance Music Scene, 2016-2019.The American journal on addictions · 2021Article
- Drug checking to detect fentanyl and new psychoactive substances.Current opinion in psychiatry · 2020Review
- The drug purity discounting task: Ecstasy use likelihood is reduced by probabilistic impurity according to harmfulness of adulterants.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Article
- The influence of viewing a headline about ecstasy/Molly adulteration on future intentions to use.Journal of substance use · 2020Article
- Adulterants and altruism: A qualitative investigation of "drug checkers" in North America.The International journal on drug policy · 2019Article
- Use of "Lean" Among Electronic Dance Music Party Attendees.The American journal on addictions · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND
aimsEcstasy users in the electronic dance music scene are at high risk for using ecstasy adulterated with new psychoactive substances and/or methamphetamine. We examined self-reported testing of ecstasy among users in this scene. DESIGN AND
methodsWe surveyed individuals (aged 18-40 years) entering electronic dance music parties in New York City in 2017. Past-year ecstasy users (n = 351) were asked if they had tested their ecstasy in the past year. We estimated prevalence and correlates of having tested one's ecstasy.
results23.1% reported having tested their ecstasy in the past year. Those with some college (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 0.49, P = 0.014) or a college degree (aPR = 0.41, P = 0.025) were less likely to test their ecstasy than those with a high school diploma or less. Using ecstasy pills (aPR = 1.89, P = 0.036) or crystals (aPR = 1.90, P = 0.006) ≥3 times in the past year was associated with increased likelihood of testing one's ecstasy, and purchasing from an unknown or untrustworthy dealer was associated with decreased likelihood (aPR = 0.63, P = 0.034) of testing one's ecstasy. Half (51.1%) of ecstasy users reported finding out or suspecting their ecstasy had contained a drug other than MDMA. Of these, 49.2% reported finding out their ecstasy contained methamphetamine or speed/amphetamine. Most ecstasy users reported that they would be less likely to use again upon learning their ecstasy contained 'bath salts' (54.8%) or methamphetamine (54.3%). DISCUSSION AND
conclusionsDrug testing appears to help ecstasy users detect adulterants and results can help inform harm reduction efforts. Less frequent users in particular may require education about adulteration and drug-testing.
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Registered trials
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