ArticleSubstance abuse : research and treatment2018
The Implications of Cannabis Policy Changes in Washington on Adolescent Perception of Risk, Norms, Attitudes, and Substance Use.
Article in Substance abuse : research and treatment, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trends before and after legalization and COVID-19 on cannabis use among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men in Montreal, Toronto, and Vancouver, Canada: A prospective cohort study.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2026Article
- Knowledge about the health effects of cannabis before and after legalization of 'recreational' cannabis in Canada: findings from the International Cannabis Policy Study, 2018-2024.Journal of cannabis research · 2026Article
- Examining longitudinal associations between polysubstance use and firearm-related risk behaviors from adolescence into emerging adulthood: a group-based multi-trajectory modeling approach.Injury epidemiology · 2025Article
- Differences in Cannabis and Cannabidiol Attitudes, Perceptions, and Behaviors Between US Adolescents Receiving Mood Disorder Treatment and Their Parents Across Legal Contexts.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Pictorial warning labels reduce sharing intentions, blunt self-relevance processes elicited by social media posts promoting cannabis edibles.The Journal of communication · 2025Article
- Changes in cannabis use post decriminalisation in mental health care users in South Africa.The South African journal of psychiatry : SAJP : the journal of the Society of Psychiatrists of South Africa · 2025Article
- Cross-sectional analysis of cannabis use at work in the USA: differences by occupational risk level and state-level cannabis laws.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Health, safety, and socioeconomic impacts of cannabis liberalization laws: An evidence and gap map.Campbell systematic reviews · 2023Article
- Perceptions of cannabis use risk to mental health among youth in Canada, England and the United States from 2017 to 2021.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Article
- Assessing the Impact of Recreational Cannabis Legalization on Cannabis Use Disorder and Admissions to Treatment in the United States.Current addiction reports · 2023Review
- Attitudes and Beliefs Toward Cannabis Before Recreational Legalization: A Cross-Sectional Study of Community Adults in Ontario.Cannabis and cannabinoid research · 2022Article
- Cannabis use, self-perceived risk, perceived peer approval and parental attitudes among youth at clinical high-risk for psychosis.Early intervention in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Age-varying time trends in cannabis- and alcohol-related risk perceptions 2002-2019.Addictive behaviors · 2022Article
- Trends in cannabis-related attitudes and behaviors among cannabis-using adolescent and young adult outpatients following medical cannabis legalization in Massachusetts.Substance abuse · 2022Article
- Joint perceptions of the risk and availability of Cannabis in the United States, 2002-2018.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Article
- Facing the option for the legalisation of cannabis use and supply in New Zealand: An overview of relevant evidence, concepts and considerations.Drug and alcohol review · 2020Review
- Complex cannabis use patterns: Associations with cannabis consequences and cannabis use disorder symptomatology.Addictive behaviors · 2020Article
- Prevalence of cannabis use has significantly increased in patients with cyclic vomiting syndrome.Neurogastroenterology and motility · 2020Article
- Perceptual Styles and Cannabis Consumption Prediction in Young People.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Seizures of illicit substances for personal use in two Italian provinces: analysis of trends by type and purity from 2008 to 2017.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the effect of legalization (particularly recreational legalization) of cannabis on prevalence of use and related problems. However, there is no consensus about the impact of policy change on cannabis use, particularly among adolescents. Legalization may increase adolescent use through mediating factors such as perceived risk and normative beliefs regarding the use of cannabis. Washington State enacted Initiative 502 on December 2012, which legalized and taxed recreational cannabis for adults aged ⩾21 years. This paper used data from a randomized, controlled intervention trial for cannabis-using adolescents that was recruiting participants in Seattle before and after the policy change to evaluate the following goals: assess differences in substance use, problems, and symptomatology pre- and post-policy change; evaluate several proposed risk factors that may be associated with such differences; and describe participants' understanding of the law and how this understanding may relate to rates of use. Analyses revealed no significant differences pre- to post-policy in rate of substance use. However, there were significant post-policy increases in problems and use disorder symptoms. Despite these differences, there were no significant increases in norms, attitudes, or perceptions of risk. Participants were able to answer most questions regarding policy changes correctly, indicating a good understanding of the policy. Results provided no evidence that policy change influenced heavy-using adolescents' rates of use nor the proposed risk factors associated with problematic use patterns.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.