ArticleScientific reports2018
Cytokine Thresholds in Gingival Crevicular Fluid with Potential Diagnosis of Chronic Periodontitis Differentiating by Smoking Status.
Article in Scientific reports, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Potential of Gingival Crevicular Fluid as a Tool for Molecular Diagnosis: A Systematic Review.BioMed research international · 2024Pooled it
- Levels of Myeloperoxidase and Metalloproteinase-9 in Gingival Crevicular Fluid from Diabetic Subjects with and without Stage 2, Grade B Periodontitis.BioMed research international · 2019Trial
- Cytokine Changes in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Serum After Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy in Patients with Periodontitis: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Serum cytokines in periodontal diseases.Periodontology 2000 · 2025Review
- Impact of smoking habit on the subgingival proteome in patients with periodontitis.Journal of periodontology · 2025Article
- Diagnostic Accuracy of Novel Protein Biomarkers in Saliva to Detect Periodontitis Using Untargeted 'SWATH' Mass Spectrometry.Journal of clinical periodontology · 2025Article
- Oral biofluid levels of Activin-A and interleukin-1beta in stage III periodontitis.Clinical oral investigations · 2024Article
- Challenges and Perspectives Regarding the Determination of Gingival Crevicular Fluid Biomarkers During Orthodontic Treatment: A Narrative Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Review
- Tobacco-enhanced biofilm formation by Porphyromonas gingivalis and other oral microbes.Molecular oral microbiology · 2024Review
- Gingival crevicular fluid galectin-3 and interleukin-1 beta levels in stage 3 periodontitis with grade B and C.Clinical oral investigations · 2023Article
- Three-Dimensional Humanized Model of the Periodontal Gingival Pocket to Study Oral Microbiome.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- Article
- Host Responses in Peri-implant Tissue in Comparison to Periodontal Tissue: A Retrospective Study.Oral health & preventive dentistry · 2022Article
- Update on the Role of Cytokines as Oral Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Periodontitis.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2022Article
- Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF): A Diagnostic Tool for the Detection of Periodontal Health and Diseases.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Deep metagenomics examines the oral microbiome during dental caries, revealing novel taxa and co-occurrences with host molecules.Genome research · 2021Article
- Gingival Crevicular Fluid Cytokines in Moderate and Deep Sites of Stage III Periodontitis Patients in Different Rates of Clinical Progression.Biomedicines · 2020Article
- Effect of scaling and root planing on the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13) in the gingival crevicular fluid of electronic cigarette users and non-smokers with moderate chronic periodontitis.Journal of periodontal & implant science · 2020Article
- Biomarker for Asymptomatic Apical Periodontitis in Gingival Crevicular Fluid: aMMP-8.European journal of dentistry · 2020Article
- Predictive Model of Clinical Attachment Loss and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life through Depressive Symptomatology, Oral Hygiene Habits, and Proinflammatory Biomarkers: A Pilot Study.Dentistry journal · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to determine cytokine thresholds derived from predictive models for the diagnosis of chronic periodontitis, differentiating by smoking status. Seventy-five periodontally healthy controls and 75 subjects affected by chronic periodontitis were recruited. Sixteen mediators were measured in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) using multiplexed bead immunoassays. The models were obtained using binary logistic regression, distinguishing between non-smokers and smokers. The area under the curve (AUC) and numerous classification measures were obtained. Model curves were constructed graphically and the cytokine thresholds calculated for the values of maximum accuracy (ACC). There were three cytokine-based models and three cytokine ratio-based models, which presented with a bias-corrected AUC > 0.91 and > 0.83, respectively. These models were (cytokine thresholds in pg/ml for the median ACC using bootstrapping for smokers and non-smokers): IL1alpha (46099 and 65644); IL1beta (4732 and 5827); IL17A (11.03 and 17.13); IL1alpha/IL2 (4210 and 7118); IL1beta/IL2 (260 and 628); and IL17A/IL2 (0.810 and 1.919). IL1alpha, IL1beta and IL17A, and their ratios with IL2, are excellent diagnostic biomarkers in GCF for distinguishing periodontitis patients from periodontally healthy individuals. Cytokine thresholds in GCF with diagnostic potential are defined, showing that smokers have lower threshold values than non-smokers.
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