ArticleJMIR research protocols2018
Adaptive Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Interventions for Youth Living With HIV Through Text Message and Cell Phone Support With and Without Incentives: Protocol for a Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial (SMART).
Article in JMIR research protocols, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 24 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Adaptive Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Interventions for Youth Living With HIV Through Text Messaging and Cell Phone Support Embedded Within the Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial (SMART) Design
Screen, Treat and Retain Meth-using People With Opioid Use Disorders at Methadone Clinics
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Sequential multiple assignment randomized trial studies should report all key components: a systematic review.Journal of clinical epidemiology · 2022Pooled it
- Self-management interventions for adolescents living with HIV: a systematic review.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Pooled it
- Interventions to Improve Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Among Adolescents and Youth in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review 2015-2019.AIDS and behavior · 2020Pooled it
- An Adaptive Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Intervention for Youth with HIV Through Text Message and Cell Phone Support with and without Incentives: A Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial (SMART).AIDS and behavior · 2025Trial
- Point-of-care viral load testing among adolescents and young adults living with HIV in Haiti: a randomized control trial.AIDS care · 2022Trial
- An Examination of Perceptions and Usage of Dried Blood Spot Biosampling Technology for HIV Viral Load Collection Among Youth with HIV.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- An Examination of Perceptions and Usage of Dried Blood Spot Biosampling Technology for HIV Viral Load Collection Among Youth with HIV.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- A review of use of external data and update on reporting standards in Sequential Multiple-Assignment Randomised Trials.Clinical trials (London, England) · 2026Review
- Implementation Strategies for Digital HIV Prevention and Care Interventions for Youth: A Scoping Review.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2025Article
- Digital Adaptive Behavioral Interventions to Improve HIV Prevention and Care: Innovations in Intervention Approach and Experimental Design.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2023Review
- Adolescents Living With or at Risk for HIV: A Pooled Descriptive Analysis of Studies From the Adolescent Medicine Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2023Article
- Examining Recruitment Strategies in the Enrollment Cascade of Youth Living With HIV: Descriptive Findings From a Nationwide Web-Based Adherence Protocol.JMIR formative research · 2023Article
- "Whenever you need support, you first turn to the group": motivations and functions of WhatsApp groups for youth living with HIV.AIDS care · 2023Article
- Optimizing adaptive stepped-care interventions to change adults' health behaviors: A systematic review.Journal of clinical and translational science · 2023Review
- Using the Exploration-Preparation-Implementation-Sustainment (EPIS) Framework to prepare for the implementation of evidence-based practices into adolescent HIV settings.AIDS and behavior · 2022Article
- Self-Management Frameworks for Youth Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus.Pediatric clinics of North America · 2022Review
- Training Providers in Motivational Interviewing to Promote Behavior Change.Pediatric clinics of North America · 2022Review
- Asthma and Technology in Emerging African American Adults (The ATHENA Project): Protocol for a Trial Using the Multiphase Optimization Strategy Framework.JMIR research protocols · 2022Article
- MCMTC: A Pragmatic Framework for Selecting an Experimental Design to Inform the Development of Digital Interventions.Frontiers in digital health · 2022Article
- Implementation of Evidence-Based Practices to Reduce Youth HIV Transmission and Improve Self-Management: A Survey of Key Stakeholder Perspectives.AIDS patient care and STDs · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundYouth living with HIV (YLH) aged 13 to 24 years made up over a fifth (21%) of new HIV diagnoses in 2016, yet only 27% of YLH are virally suppressed. YLH have been shown to be poorly adherent to antiretroviral therapy (ART); however, there has been limited research investigating how to increase adherence in YLH. Mobile health (mHealth) interventions may be one promising way to do this.
objectiveThis study (ATN [Adolescent Trials Network] 144 SMART) aimed to compare adaptive interventions that could increase ART adherence in YLH aged 15 to 24 years. This includes mHealth initiatives, the tapering of interventions, and the use of incentives. Cost-effectiveness of sequencing the interventions without incentives before providing incentives and the savings on societal costs due to suppressed viral loads will be determined. This protocol is part of the ATN Scale It Up program described in this issue by Naar et al.
methodsThis study uses a Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial design. Approximately 190 participants are being recruited, enrolled, and randomized to either cell phone support or text message support. Both intervention groups receive 3 months of intervention, followed by a second randomization based on response to the intervention. Responders test tapering their intervention, and nonresponders test receiving incentives.
resultsData collection for this study is projected to begin in August 2018 and last until June 2020.
conclusionsThis is an innovative study, particularly in terms of population, intervention types, focus on cost-effectiveness, and recruitment. This study could be particularly effective in improving adherence in YLH while reducing long-term individual and societal costs.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT03535337; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03535337 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/74alXb92z). INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): PRR1-10.2196/11183.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.