ArticleVaccine2019
On the path to rabies elimination: The need for risk assessments to improve administration of post-exposure prophylaxis.
Article in Vaccine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Delay in initiation of rabies post-exposure vaccination and influencing factors in Gondar zones of Ethiopia.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Time Series and Pattern of Dog Bites and Rabies in the Ashanti Region, Ghana, 2009-2019: A Call for Inter-Sectoral Collaboration in the Fight Against Rabies.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Article
- Process mapping the One Health response to a rabies outbreak in the Philippines.BMJ global health · 2026Article
- Economic methods and spatial scales in One Health: Results from a scoping review.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Review
- Economic costs of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis and healthcare utilization patterns post animal bites: An experience from a private healthcare facility in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2025Article
- Using Integrated Bite Case Management to estimate the burden of rabies and evaluate surveillance in Oriental Mindoro, Philippines.One health & implementation research · 2023Article
- Implementing a One Health Approach to Rabies Surveillance: Lessons From Integrated Bite Case Management.Frontiers in tropical diseases · 2022Article
- One Health Surveillance for Rabies: A Case Study of Integrated Bite Case Management in Albay Province, Philippines.Frontiers in tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Rabies Elimination in Rural Kenya: Need for Improved Availability of Human Vaccines, Awareness and Knowledge on Rabies and Its Management Among Healthcare Workers.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Factors Limiting the Appropriate Use of Rabies Post-exposure Prophylaxis by Health Professionals in Brazil.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Article
- Assessing clinicians' Post-Exposure Prophylaxis recommendations for rabies virus exposures in Hunan Province, China.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- How geographic access to care shapes disease burden: The current impact of post-exposure prophylaxis and potential for expanded access to prevent human rabies deaths in Madagascar.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Rabies vaccination strategies in the Netherlands in 2018: a cost evaluation.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2020Article
- One Health in Practice: Using Integrated Bite Case Management to Increase Detection of Rabid Animals in Tanzania.Frontiers in public health · 2020Article
- Article
- An evaluation of Brazil's surveillance and prophylaxis of canine rabies between 2008 and 2017.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Article
- Lessons for rabies control and elimination programmes: a decade of One Health experience from Bali, Indonesia.Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) · 2019Review
- Zero human deaths from dog-mediated rabies by 2030: perspectives from quantitative and mathematical modelling.Gates open research · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCosts of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) often remain high in regions where rabies has been controlled in dogs, presenting a challenge for sustaining rabies elimination programmes. We investigated the potential for bite patient risk assessments to improve PEP provision and surveillance in settings approaching elimination of dog-mediated rabies.
methodsWe conducted a longitudinal study of patients presenting to animal bite treatment centres (ABTCs) on the island province of Bohol in the Philippines to investigate the health status of biting dogs and to quantify current expenditure on PEP.
resultsIncidence of bite patients presenting to ABTCs was high (>300/100,000 persons/year) and increasing, resulting in substantial health provider costs. Over $142,000 was spent on PEP in 2013 for a population of 1.3 million. From follow up of 3820 bite patients we found that >92% were bitten by healthy dogs (alive 14 days after the bite) and just 1.4% were bitten by probable or confirmed rabid dogs. The status of dogs that bit 6% of patients could not be determined. During the course of investigations of bites by suspect dogs, we were able to obtain samples for case confirmation, identify exposed persons who had not sought PEP as well as in-contact dogs at risk of developing rabies. We calculate that expenditure on PEP could at least be halved through more judicious approaches to provision of PEP, based on the histories of biting animals determined through risk assessments with bite patients.
conclusionsWe conclude that a One Health approach to surveillance based on Integrated Bite Case Management could improve the sustainability and effectiveness of rabies elimination programmes while also improving patient care by identifying those genuinely in need of lifesaving PEP.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.