Observational studyAmerican journal of preventive medicine2019
Exposure to Child-Directed TV Advertising and Preschoolers' Intake of Advertised Cereals.
Observational study in American journal of preventive medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Food marketing, eating and health outcomes in children and adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The British journal of nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Genetic Background of Taste Perception, Taste Preferences, and Its Nutritional Implications: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in genetics · 2019Pooled it
- Examining the effects of brand and licensed characters on parents' perceptions of Children's breakfast cereals.Appetite · 2024Trial
- From preschool to policy: A scoping review of recommended interventions for a systems approach to improve dietary intake in early childhood.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2025Article
- A Latent Class Analysis of Family Eating Behaviors and Home Environment Habits on Preschool-Aged Children's Body Mass Index.Childhood obesity (Print) · 2024Article
- Article
- Factors Correlated With Ultra-Processed Food (UPF) Intake in Preschool-Aged Children and Association With Weight.Journal of nutrition education and behavior · 2024Article
- Abusive advertising of food and drink products on Brazilian television.Health promotion international · 2022Article
- Associations between advertisement-supported media exposure and dietary quality among preschool-age children.Appetite · 2021Article
- Unhealthy Food Marketing on Commercial Educational Websites: Remote Learning and Gaps in Regulation.American journal of preventive medicine · 2021Article
- An Exploration of the Role of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage in Promoting Obesity and Health Disparities.Current obesity reports · 2021Review
- Digital Media Use in Association with Sensory Taste Preferences in European Children and Adolescents-Results from the I.Family Study.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Disparities in Sources of Added Sugars and High Glycemic Index Foods in Diets of US Children, 2011-2016.Preventing chronic disease · 2020Article
- Fast food intake and excess weight gain over a 1-year period among preschool-age children.Pediatric obesity · 2020Article
- Energy imbalance: obesity, associated comorbidities, prevention, management and public health implications.Advances in obesity, weight management & control · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionChild-directed TV advertising is believed to influence children's diets, yet prospective studies in naturalistic settings are absent. This study examined if child-directed TV advertisement exposure for ten brands of high-sugar breakfast cereals was associated with children's intake of those brands prospectively.
methodsObservational study of 624 preschool-age children and their parents conducted in New Hampshire, 2014-2015. Over 1 year, parents completed a baseline and six online follow-up surveys, one every 8 weeks. Children's exposure to high-sugar breakfast cereal TV advertisements was based on the network-specific TV programs children watched in the 7 days prior to each follow-up assessment, and parents reported children's intake of each advertised high-sugar breakfast cereal brand during that same 7-day period. Data were analyzed in 2017-2018.
resultsIn the fully adjusted Poisson regression model accounting for repeated measures and brand-specific effects, children with high-sugar breakfast cereal advertisement exposure in the past 7 days (i.e., recent exposure; RR=1.34, 95% CI=1.04, 1.72), at any assessment in the past (RR=1.23, 95% CI=1.06, 1.42), or recent and past exposure (RR=1.37, 95% CI=1.15, 1.63) combined had an increased risk of brand-specific high-sugar breakfast cereal intake. Absolute risk difference of children's high-sugar breakfast cereal intake because of high-sugar breakfast cereal TV advertisement exposure varied by brand.
conclusionsThis naturalistic study demonstrates that child-directed high-sugar breakfast cereal TV advertising was prospectively associated with brand-specific high-sugar breakfast cereal intake among preschoolers. Findings indicate that child-directed advertising influences begin earlier and last longer than previously demonstrated, highlighting limitations of current industry guidelines regarding the marketing of high-sugar foods to children under age 6 years.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.