Observational studyJournal of the American College of Cardiology2018
Longitudinal Change in Galectin-3 and Incident Cardiovascular Outcomes.
Observational study in Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Galectin-3 in systemic lupus erythematosus: a meta-analysis.Immunologic research · 2026Pooled it
- Preprocedural circulating galectin-3 and the risk of mortality after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Bioscience reports · 2020Pooled it
- Prognostic impact of galectin-3 in chronic kidney disease patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International urology and nephrology · 2019Pooled it
- Circulating Biomarkers in Cardio-Oncology: Prediction and Prognostication.Current cardiology reports · 2026Review
- Challenges of Biomarker Application in Patients with Cardiorenal Syndrome.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- From Oxidative Stress to Fibrotic Remodeling: Integrating Redox Biology, Galectin-3, and Imaging Phenotypes in Heart Failure.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Exploring Galectin‑3 as an Emerging Frontier in Biomarker Research for Clinical Trials Approaching Cardiovascular Diseases.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2026Review
- Exploring Serum Biomarker Levels in Tetralogy of Fallot, Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome, and Healthy Children.Pediatric cardiology · 2026Article
- Wash, Rinse, Repeat: Moving Galectin-3 From Research to Clinical Practice.Kidney medicine · 2026Article
- Galectin-3 and Cardio-Kidney Outcomes: A Bit of History Repeating.Kidney medicine · 2026Article
- Novel blood biomarkers for heart failure mortality: mechanistic pathways, aging biology, and risk stratification.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Galectin-3 and the Glyco-Inflammatory Axis: A Missing Link to Residual Cardiovascular Risk in Coronary Artery Disease.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Mediating role of proteomics in the association between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance exposure and blood pressure in youth.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2025Article
- Inflammatory Biomarkers in Heart Failure: Clinical Perspectives on hsCRP, IL-6 and Emerging Candidates.Current heart failure reports · 2025Review
- Galectin-3 Is Associated With Risk of Cardiovascular and Kidney Outcomes in Ambulatory Veterans.Kidney medicine · 2025Article
- Clinical Periodontal Evaluation and Assessment of Dipeptidyl-Peptidase-4 and Galectin-3 in Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Periodontitis Patients with Heart Failure and Diabetes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Galectin-3 in Cardiovascular Health: A Narrative Review Based on Life's Essential 8 and Life's Simple 7 Frameworks.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Galectin-3 in acute myocardial infarction: from molecular mechanisms to clinical translation.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2025Review
- Tracing the Rise of Galectin-3: A Global Bibliometric Insight Into Its Role in Heart Failure.International journal of vascular medicine · 2025Review
- Screening for Heart Failure: Biomarkers to Detect Heightened Risk in the General Population.Current heart failure reports · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGalectin-3 (Gal-3) has been associated with heart failure (HF) and poor cardiovascular outcomes. However, the effect of longitudinal changes in Gal-3 on clinical outcomes remains unclear.
objectivesThe authors sought to study clinical determinants of change in Gal-3 among community-dwelling individuals. Further, they sought to examine the role of serial Gal-3 measurements in predicting risk of future HF, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and mortality.
methodsA total of 2,477 participants in the Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort underwent measurement of plasma Gal-3 levels at 2 examinations (1995 to 1998 and 2005 to 2008). Linear regression models were used to examine clinical correlates of change in Gal-3. Proportional hazards models were used to relate future clinical outcomes with change in Gal-3.
resultsThe following clinical correlates were associated with greater longitudinal increases in Gal-3 levels: age, female sex, hypertension, diabetes, body mass index, interim development of chronic kidney disease, and HF (p < 0.0001 for all in multivariable model). Change in Gal-3 was associated with future HF (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.39 per 1-SD increase; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13 to 1.71), CVD (HR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.51), and all-cause mortality (HR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.17 to 1.46). Change in Gal-3 was associated with both HF with preserved as well as reduced ejection fraction (p < 0.05 for both).
conclusionsLongitudinal changes in Gal-3 are associated with traditional cardiovascular risk factors and renal disease. In turn, change in Gal-3 predicts future HF, CVD, and mortality in the community. Future studies are needed to determine whether serial Gal-3 measures may be useful in disease prevention.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.