Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30572868›Full record

ArticleBMC pediatrics2018

Adaptation of pain scales for parent observation: are pain scales and symptoms useful in detecting pain of young children with the suspicion of acute otitis media?

Johanna M Uitti, Sanna Salanterä, Miia K Laine, Paula A Tähtinen, Aino Ruohola

2 registry-linked trialsOpen access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC pediatrics, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
2.2field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT00299455 phase4unknown statusnot on this map

Phase 4 Efficacy Study of Antimicrobials in the Treatment of Acute Otitis Media in Young Children

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of TurkuRan2006 to 2009Enrolled320ConditionsAcute Otitis MediaArmsamoxicillin-clavulanate, Placebo
NCT04551196 phase3completednot on this mapstarted 2020, after this paper: background citation

Effectiveness of a Combined Acetaminophen and Ibuprofen Regimen for Management of Post-Tonsillectomy Pain in Pediatric Patients

TypeinterventionalSponsorWashington University School of MedicineRan2020 to 2022Enrolled50ConditionsPain, Postoperative, Tonsillar Hypertrophy, TonsillitisArmsAlternating Acetaminophen and Ibuprofen, Combined Acetaminophen and Ibuprofen
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Johanna M UittiDepartment of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland. johanna.uitti@utu.fi.ORCID 0000-0002-6700-3199
Sanna SalanteräDepartment of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Miia K LaineDepartment of Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
Paula A TähtinenDepartment of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
Aino RuoholaDepartment of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
University of Turku · FITurku University Hospital · FI

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe assessment of ear pain is challenging in young, mostly preverbal children. Our aim was to investigate whether pain scales are useful tools for parents to detect pain in their young children with the suspicion of acute otitis media (AOM), and to assess associations between 16 symptoms and the severity of pain.

methodsThis cross-sectional study included 426 children (6-35 months) with symptoms suggestive of AOM. We surveyed symptoms and pain via parental interview. As part of the interview, parents assessed their child's pain by using two pain scales: The Faces Pain Scale-Revised (FPS-R) and the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) Scale. The outcome of interest was moderate/severe pain. We used the χ

resultsIn children with AOM (n = 201), pain was assessed by parents as moderate/severe in 65% via interview; 90% with the FPS-R; and 91% with the FLACC Scale (P < 0.001). In children without AOM (n = 225), the percentages were 56, 83 and 88%, respectively (P < 0.001). Between children with and without AOM, the occurrence of moderate/severe pain did not differ with any of the pain evaluation methods. Of symptoms, ear pain reported by child and restless sleep were significantly associated with moderate/severe pain, regardless of the pain evaluation method.

conclusionsIt seems that nearly all the children with respiratory tract infection, either with or without AOM, might suffer from moderate/severe pain. Without pain scales, parents may underestimate their child's pain. Of symptoms, ear pain reported by child and restless sleep might indicate pain in children with respiratory tract infection. We suggest that the adaptation of pain scales for parent observation is a possibility in children with respiratory tract infection which, however, requires further studies.

trial registrationwww.clinicaltrials.gov , identifier NCT00299455 . Date of registration: March 3, 2006.

Indexed as

ParentsChild, PreschoolCross-Sectional StudiesEaracheFemaleHumansInfantMaleOtitis MediaPain MeasurementRespiratory Tract InfectionsSeverity of Illness IndexSleep Wake DisordersChildOtitis mediaPain scalesParentsRespiratory tract infection

Identifiers

PMID30572868
PMCPMC6302518
OpenAlexW2903960168

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.