SynthesisBMC ophthalmology2018
Association between sunlight exposure and risk of age-related macular degeneration: a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC ophthalmology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Risk factors for age-related macular degeneration: an umbrella analysis of systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Association of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome with blinding eye diseases: insights from a UK Biobank cohort analysis.Eye (London, England) · 2026Article
- Artificial intelligence-driven diagnosis for age-related macular degeneration bridging pathology and engineering: a survey.International ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Purinergic P2X7 receptor involves in anti-retinal photodamage effects of berberine.Purinergic signalling · 2025Article
- Knowledge and attitude of caregivers regarding sun exposure and protection in pediatric age in Western Region, Saudi Arabia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Does blepharospasm effect biometric parameters and intraocular lens power calculations?International ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Modeling complex age-related eye disease.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2024Review
- Macular Pigment Assessment in Indian Population Using Degree of Polarization Threshold: Impact of Diet on Macular Pigment Density.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Article
- The identification of signature genes and their relationship with immune cell infiltration in age-related macular degeneration.Molecular biology reports · 2024Article
- Blue light-induced phototoxicity in retinal cells: implications in age-related macular degeneration.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2024Review
- Sialic Acid Mimetic Microglial Sialic Acid-Binding Immunoglobulin-like Lectin Agonism: Potential to Restore Retinal Homeostasis and Regain Visual Function in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Lipofuscin, Its Origin, Properties, and Contribution to Retinal Fluorescence as a Potential Biomarker of Oxidative Damage to the Retina.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Article
- Review
- Light as a Modulator of Non-Image-Forming Brain Functions-Positive and Negative Impacts of Increasing Light Availability.Clocks & sleep · 2023Review
- Ultraviolet light exposure and its penetrance through the eye in a porcine model.International journal of ophthalmology · 2023Article
- The Need for Artificial Intelligence Based Risk Factor Analysis for Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Association of Environmental Factors with Age-Related Macular Degeneration using the Intelligent Research in Sight Registry.Ophthalmology science · 2022Article
- Targeting the Complement Cascade for Treatment of Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- The Blue Light Hazard Versus Blue Light Hype.American journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundA substantial number of epidemiological studies have investigated the possible associations between sunlight exposure and Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD), but the results from studies are inconsistent. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the association between sunlight exposure and the risk of AMD.
methodsRelevant studies were searched using databases including PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science database. Two authors independently extracted data and assessed study quality. The random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled covariates-adjusted odds ratio (OR). Subgroup analyses based on study design, stage of AMD, method of exposure assessment, and study latitude were carried out. The heterogeneity across the studies was tested, as was publication bias.
resultsFourteen eligible studies including 43,934 individuals based on the inclusion criteria were analyzed. The pooled OR for sunlight exposure and AMD was 1.10 (95% CI = 0.98-1.23). In addition, similar insignificant results were observed in further subgroup analyses based on stage of AMD, method of exposure assessment, and study latitude. Sun-avoidance behavior did not decrease the risk of AMD (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 0.76-1.67). Moderate heterogeneity was observed in most of analyses.
conclusionThe results indicate that sunlight exposure may not be associated with increased risk of AMD based on current published data.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.