ArticleNutrition and cancer2019
Associations of Calcium, Vitamin D, and Dairy Product Intakes with Colorectal Cancer Risk among Older Women: The Iowa Women's Health Study.
Article in Nutrition and cancer, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- The effect of vitamin D on the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of colorectal disease · 2021Pooled it
- Low circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D level is associated with increased colorectal cancer mortality: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.Bioscience reports · 2020Pooled it
- Vitamin D and Colorectal Cancer Prevention: Immunological Mechanisms, Inflammatory Pathways, and Nutritional Implications.Nutrients · 2025Review
- An Update on the Pivotal Roles of Probiotics, Their Components, and Metabolites in Preventing Colon Cancer.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Pre-diagnostic intake of vitamin D and incidence of colorectal cancer by anatomical subsites: the Norwegian Women and Cancer Cohort Study (NOWAC).The British journal of nutrition · 2023Article
- Review
- Fat-soluble vitamins: updated review of their role and orchestration in human nutrition throughout life cycle with sex differences.Nutrition & metabolism · 2022Review
- Sucrose Intakes and Incident Colorectal Cancer Risk among Women.Journal of the American Nutrition Association · 2022Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Calcium and, to a lesser extent, dairy products are consistently modestly inversely associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). Dairy products may contain components other than calcium and fat, such as insulin-like growth factor-1, that may affect CRC risk. In the prospective Iowa Women's Health Study, calcium, dairy product, and vitamin D intakes were assessed using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. To investigate dairy products independent of their calcium components, we estimated residuals from linear regression models of their associations with dietary calcium. Of the 35,221 55-69-year-old cancer-free women at baseline in 1986, 1,731 developed CRC during follow-up through 2012. For those in the highest relative to the lowest intake quintiles, the adjusted hazards ratios and 95% confidence intervals from multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models for overall and distal CRC were 0.81 (0.67-0.98; P
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.