ArticleEnvironment international2019
Inter-day and inter-individual variability in urinary concentrations of melamine and cyanuric acid.
Article in Environment international, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intra-individual variability of urinary non-persistent chemical concentrations during pregnancy in the ECHO Cohort.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- Reverse-engineered exclusive enteral nutrition as induction therapy in pediatric Crohn's disease: Effects on environmental toxin exposure.Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association · 2026Article
- Review
- Prenatal melamine, aromatic amine, and psychosocial stress exposures and their association with gestational diabetes mellitus in a San Francisco pregnancy cohort.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2025Article
- Occurrence of Melamine and Cyanuric Acid in Breast Milk: A Risk Assessment for Infants Aged 0-6 Months.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- Review
- Associations of prenatal urinary melamine, melamine analogues, and aromatic amines with gestational duration and fetal growth in the ECHO Cohort.Environment international · 2025Article
- Portable SpectroChip-Based Immunoassay Platform for Rapid and Accurate Melamine Quantification in Urine Samples.Toxics · 2024Article
- Article
- Environmental exposure to melamine and its derivatives and kidney outcomes in children.Environmental research · 2024Article
- Organic Pollutant Exposure and CKD: A Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Pilot Study.Kidney medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Exposure to melamine and its derivatives and aromatic amines among pregnant women in the United States: The ECHO Program.Chemosphere · 2022Article
- Variability in urinary concentrations of primary aromatic amines.The Science of the total environment · 2022Article
- The Role of CYP2B6*6 Gene Polymorphisms in 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-pyridinol Levels as a Biomarker of Chlorpyrifos Toxicity Among Indonesian Farmers.Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi · 2022Article
- Diurnal variability in urinary volatile organic compound metabolites and its association with oxidative stress biomarkers.The Science of the total environment · 2022Article
- Associations of Dietary Intake with Urinary Melamine and Derivative Concentrations among Children in the GAPPS Cohort.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Green detection of trace cyanuric acid and free chlorine together via ion chromatography.Chemosphere · 2022Article
- Variability in urinary biomarkers of human exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and its association with oxidative stress.Environment international · 2021Article
- Diminishment of Nrf2 Antioxidative Defense Aggravates Nephrotoxicity of Melamine and Oxalate Coexposure.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Melamine is used extensively in household products, such as furniture, dinnerware, and food utensils. Several studies have shown that melamine adversely affects kidney function. Nevertheless, little is known about urinary melamine concentrations, and its temporal variability. In this study, 213 first-morning-void urine samples were collected from 19 volunteers for over a month to assess longitudinal variability in concentrations of melamine and its three structural analogues, i.e., cyanuric acid, ammeline, and ammelide. Target analytes were found in all urine samples at mean concentrations of 3.3, 16, 0.99, and 0.62 ng/mL, for melamine, cyanuric acid, ammelide, and ammeline, respectively. Cyanuric acid was the major compound found in all urine samples, accounting for 74-80% of the total concentrations, followed by melamine (12-20%), ammelide (4-6%), and ammeline (2-4%). Gender- and age-related differences in melamine concentrations were observed, although no such pattern was found for cyanuric acid. After adjusting for creatinine, melamine and cyanuric acid concentrations were moderately predictable with inter-day intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) in the range of 0.541-0.763. Nevertheless, substantial inter-individual variation in melamine levels existed even after creatinine adjustment, as evidenced by low ICCs (0.008-0.108). Cumulative daily intake of melamine and cyanuric acid was calculated on the basis of urinary concentrations and the mean values were found to be at least 10-fold below the current tolerable daily intake.
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