Observational studyOphthalmology2019
Oxidized Low-density Lipoprotein and the Incidence of Age-related Macular Degeneration.
Observational study in Ophthalmology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Proteomic clocks combined with deep learning phenotypes track eye aging and diseases.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
- Title Oxidative Stress in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: From Molecular Mechanisms to Emerging Therapeutic Targets.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Aberrant Lipid Metabolism and Complement Activation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Review
- Recent Advances in Our Understanding of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Redox Signaling, and the Complement System.Aging and disease · 2024Review
- Article
- Causal effects of serum lipid biomarkers on early age-related macular degeneration using Mendelian randomization.Genes & nutrition · 2023Article
- Association of Plasma Vitamins and Carotenoids, DNA Methylation of LCAT, and Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Artificial Intelligence Analysis of Biofluid Markers in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Review.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Review
- Oxidized LDLs as Signaling Molecules.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Risk factors for progression of age-related macular degeneration.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo examine the relationship between serum oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) cholesterol and the incidence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) over a 25-year period in a sample of persons from the population-based Beaver Dam Eye Study (BDES).
designObservational prospective cohort study.
participantsA total of 4972 people from the BDES (aged 43-84 years and living in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin in 1988) seen during at least 1 of 6 examination phases at approximately 5-year intervals between 1988 and 2016.
methodsA 50% random sample of participants (N = 2468) was selected for ox-LDL measurements. Stored frozen specimens from every examination phase were processed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay from a single batch. All available intervals were included for a person, resulting in 6586 person-visits.
main outcome measuresAge-related macular degeneration was assessed using the Wisconsin Age-related Maculopathy Grading System, and severity was defined using a 5-step severity scale. The severity of the worse eye at each examination was used for analyses. A multi-state Markov (MSM) model was fit to simultaneously assess the ox-LDL relationship to all AMD transitions, including incidence of any AMD, incidence of late AMD, and worsening and improvement of AMD over the 25 years of the study.
resultsThe mean (standard deviation) level of ox-LDL was 75.3 (23.1) U/L at the baseline examination. When adjusting for age, sex, ARMS2 and CFH risk alleles, and examination phase, the ox-LDL at the beginning of a period was not statistically significantly associated with the incidence of any AMD (hazard ratio per 10 U/L ox-LDL was 1.03, 95% confidence interval 0.98,1.09). Furthermore, ox-LDL was not associated with worsening anywhere along the AMD severity scale, nor with incidence of late AMD. The lack of relationships of ox-LDL to the incidence of any AMD or worsening of AMD remained after adjustment for history of statin use, smoking status, body mass index, and history of cardiovascular disease (data not shown).
conclusionsOur findings do not provide evidence for statistically significant relationships between ox-LDL and AMD disease development or worsening of AMD.
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Registered trials
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