Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30570267›Full record

ArticleThe American psychologist2019

Mapping 24 emotions conveyed by brief human vocalization.

Alan S Cowen, Hillary Anger Elfenbein, Petri Laukka, Dacher Keltner

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The American psychologist, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
51citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

51 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Multimodal semantic knowledge of emotion concepts in frontotemporal dementia.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
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  10. Article
  11. Enhancing Emotional Intelligence in Autism Spectrum Disorder Through Intervention: A Systematic Review.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2025
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Alan S CowenDepartment of Psychology.ORCID 0000-0002-8381-5883
Hillary Anger ElfenbeinOlin School of Business, Washington University in St. Louis.ORCID 0000-0002-3973-1447
Petri LaukkaDepartment of Psychology, Stockholm University.ORCID 0000-0001-8771-6818
Dacher KeltnerDepartment of Psychology.

Funding

PREDOCTORAL TRAINING CONSORTIUM IN AFFECTIVE SCIENCET32MH020006 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI GROSS, JAMES J, JOHNSON, SHERI L · 1998 to 2018
$5.9M
NIMH NIH HHS T32 MH020006
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Emotional vocalizations are central to human social life. Recent studies have documented that people recognize at least 13 emotions in brief vocalizations. This capacity emerges early in development, is preserved in some form across cultures, and informs how people respond emotionally to music. What is poorly understood is how emotion recognition from vocalization is structured within what we call a semantic space, the study of which addresses questions critical to the field: How many distinct kinds of emotions can be expressed? Do expressions convey emotion categories or affective appraisals (e.g., valence, arousal)? Is the recognition of emotion expressions discrete or continuous? Guided by a new theoretical approach to emotion taxonomies, we apply large-scale data collection and analysis techniques to judgments of 2,032 emotional vocal bursts produced in laboratory settings (Study 1) and 48 found in the real world (Study 2) by U.S. English speakers (N = 1,105). We find that vocal bursts convey at least 24 distinct kinds of emotion. Emotion categories (sympathy, awe), more so than affective appraisals (including valence and arousal), organize emotion recognition. In contrast to discrete emotion theories, the emotion categories conveyed by vocal bursts are bridged by smooth gradients with continuously varying meaning. We visualize the complex, high-dimensional space of emotion conveyed by brief human vocalization within an online interactive map. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Indexed as

CommunicationSocial PerceptionAdolescentAdultAgedEmotionsFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRecognition, PsychologySemanticsVoiceYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID30570267
PMCPMC6586540

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.