ArticleSao Paulo medical journal = Revista paulista de medicina
Cross-sectional epidemiological investigations of Giardia lamblia in children in Pakistan.
Article in Sao Paulo medical journal = Revista paulista de medicina. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- miR-375 Regulates Extracellular Vesicle Secretion From Giardia duodenalis via Targeting Rab1a.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
- First Assessment of Risk Factors forMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Occurrence and assemblage distribution of Giardia Duodenalis in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients in southeastern Iran (2019-2022).Gut pathogens · 2024Article
- Prevalence of Parasitic Disease Burden in the Adult Population Presenting With Persistent or Chronic Diarrhea.Cureus · 2024Article
- Methicillin-ResistantMedicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Individual and Community-Level Risk Factors for Giardiasis in Children under Five Years of Age in Pakistan: A Prospective Multi-Regional Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Article
- Intestinal protozoa in hospitalized under-five children with diarrhoea in Nampula - a cross-sectional analysis in a low-income setting in northern Mozambique.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Prevalence and multi-locus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in rabbits from Shaanxi province in northwestern China.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2021Article
- Article
- Prevalence of Protozoan Pathogens Among Diarrheic Children Under 5 Years in Public Hospital of Ethiopia During the Global COVID 19 Pandemic.Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financingArticle
- Climate change and infections: lessons learnt from recent floods in Pakistan.New microbes and new infectionsArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe prevalence of Giardia lamblia in Pakistani children is currently unknown. The aim here was to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of Giardia lamblia in children exhibiting diarrhea. DESIGN AND
settingCross-sectional study at different district healthcare hospitals in Pakistan.
methodsA total of 800 samples were collected from children aged 0-10 years. Information regarding personal data, demographic data and supposed risk factors was collected through a structured questionnaire. Giardia lamblia was detected through direct microscopy and antigens through the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
resultsThe prevalence of Giardia lamblia was 2.75% through direct microscopy and inflated to 9.5% through ELISA. The demographic factors positively associated with occurrences of giardiasis were age (P = 0.035; odds ratio, OR = 1.96; 95% confidence interval, CI = 1.094-3.533), mother's educational level (P = 0.031; OR = 2.67; 95% CI = 1.186-6.045) and father's educational level (P = 0.004; OR = 3.56; 95% CI = 1.612-7.899). Similarly, among the supposed risk factors, rural residency (P = 0.032; OR = 1.76; 95% CI = 1.098- 2.851), absence of proper sewerage system (P = 0.000; OR = 6.60; 95% CI = 4.029-10.841) and unavailability of safe drinking water (P = 0.000; OR = 4.08; 95% CI = 2.207-7.547) were the factors strongly connected with giardiasis. Abdominal discomfort was a prominent clinical sign with 46% frequency.
conclusionVarious risk factors were associated with occurrences of Giardia, thus emphasizing the importance of parents' education, safe drinking water and proper sewerage systems for Pakistani children's health.
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