ReviewParasites & vectors2018
Recent advances on Dirofilaria repens in dogs and humans in Europe.
Review in Parasites & vectors, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 159 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
159 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 286 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vectors, host range, and spatial distribution of Dirofilaria immitis and D. repens in Europe: a systematic review.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2025Pooled it
- Human Dirofilariasis Caused by Dirofilaria repens in Sri Lanka from 1962 to 2020.Acta parasitologica · 2022Pooled it
- Human dirofilariosis in Austria: the past, the present, the future.Parasites & vectors · 2021Pooled it
- Dirofilarioses in cats: European guidelines from the ABCD on prevention and management.Journal of feline medicine and surgery · 2020Guideline
- 'Reservoir dogs': The emerging zoonotic risk associated with European dog imports to the UK.The Veterinary record · 2026Review
- Geographical Distribution and Molecular Characterization ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Epidemiological and Molecular Investigation ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
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- Article
- Disseminated angiostrongylosis with involvement of the central nervous system as a cause of sudden death in a dog in Germany.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Genital Dirofilaria: A Comprehensive Review of Clinical Presentations, Diagnosis and Management.Acta parasitologica · 2026Review
- Comparative performance of the novel, point-of-care Pluslife Mini Dock Dirofilaria immitis/Dirofilaria repens detection test with the modified Knott's test in dogs.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Entomological survey of Dirofilaria spp. in Sardinia (Italy): molecular detection and mosquito species distribution.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Molecular screening of mosquitoes for filarioid helminths in Slovenia.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Clinico-pathological and renal morphological findings in dogs naturally infected with Dirofilaria repens.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- The Expansion ofInsects · 2026Article
- Global Research Trends in Emerging Zoonosis Due to (the Filarial Nematode)Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Oral dirofilariasis mimicking endodontic failure: a case report.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Ectoparasite- and Vector-Borne-Related Dermatoses: A Single-Centre Study with Practical Diagnostic and Management Insights in a One Health Perspective.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- First molecular characterization ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
99 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
21 authors at 18 institutions in 11 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Dirofilaria repens is a nematode affecting domestic and wild canids, transmitted by several species of mosquitoes. It usually causes a non-pathogenic subcutaneous infection in dogs and is the principal agent of human dirofilariosis in the Old World. In the last decades, D. repens has increased in prevalence in areas where it has already been reported and its distribution range has expanded into new areas of Europe, representing a paradigmatic example of an emergent pathogen. Despite its emergence and zoonotic impact, D. repens has received less attention by scientists compared to Dirofilaria immitis. In this review we report the recent advances of D. repens infection in dogs and humans, and transmission by vectors, and discuss possible factors that influence the spread and increase of this zoonotic parasite in Europe. There is evidence that D. repens has spread faster than D. immitis from the endemic areas of southern Europe to northern Europe. Climate change affecting mosquito vectors and the facilitation of pet travel seem to have contributed to this expansion; however, in the authors' opinion, the major factor is likely the rate of undiagnosed dogs continuing to perpetuate the life-cycle of D. repens. Many infected dogs remain undetected due to the subclinical nature of the disease, the lack of rapid and reliable diagnostic tools and the poor knowledge and still low awareness of D. repens in non-endemic areas. Improved diagnostic tools are warranted to bring D. repens diagnosis to the state of D. immitis diagnosis, as well as improved screening of imported dogs and promotion of preventative measures among veterinarians and dog owners. For vector-borne diseases involving pets, veterinarians play a significant role in prevention and should be more aware of their responsibility in reducing the impact of the zoonotic agents. In addition, they should enhance multisectorial collaboration with medical entomologists and the public health experts, under the concept and the actions of One Health-One Medicine.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.