ArticleLipids in health and disease2018
Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO)-induced atherosclerosis is associated with bile acid metabolism.
Article in Lipids in health and disease, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 136 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
136 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 240 citations in OpenAlex.
- The association between the gut microbiota metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide and heart failure.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Pooled it
- The relationship between trimethylamine-N-oxide and the risk of acute ischemic stroke: A dose‒response meta-analysis.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- At the Intersection of Gut Microbiome and Stroke: A Systematic Review of the Literature.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Pooled it
- Effect of acarbose and vildagliptin on plasma trimethylamine N-oxide levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 6-month, two-arm randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Trial
- Glucagon-like peptide-1: a critical link between gut microbiota dysbiosis and degenerative musculoskeletal diseases.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Probiotics in Cardiometabolic Diseases: Current Evidence, Postbiotic Perspectives, and Future Directions.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Review
- The gut-heart axis in cardio-oncology.Cardiovascular research · 2026Review
- Microbiota-Mediator-Host Signaling Networks in Metabolic Syndrome: From Mechanistic Insights to Therapeutic Targeting.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Elevated plasma TMAO levels associated with all-cause mortality in CAD patients in South China.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Observational
- Gut Microbiota and Atherosclerotic Plaque Instability: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- A case-series of oral acetate supplementation for gut microbiota alteration and metabolic improvement in patients with affective disorders on psychotropics.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Multi-Omics Mechanisms of Trimethylamine Oxide and Cardiovascular Disease: A Review.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Dietary Nutrients, Gut Microbiota, and Cardiac Function: From Metabolic Mechanisms to Clinical Applications.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Bile Acids: The Contribution of the Gut Microbiota to Atherosclerosis.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Classification of intestinal inflammation driven by gut microbiota metabolites: a new paradigm for precision treatment of cardiovascular diseases.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Microbiota-derived metabolites in hematopoietic regulation and disease: mechanisms, context, and therapeutic perspectives.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Jiangzhi ruanmai recipe alleviates atherosclerosis in ApoEFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota-cholesterol crosstalk in cardiovascular diseases: mechanisms, metabolites, and therapeutic modulation.Nutrition & metabolism · 2025Review
- Study on the Mechanism of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis F1-3-2 Regulating Bile Acid Metabolism Through TMA-TMAO Pathway to Improve Atherosclerosis.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2025Article
- From Gut to Heart: Targeting Trimethylamine N-Oxide as a Novel Strategy in Heart Failure Management.Biomolecules · 2025Review
76 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRecently, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) plasma levels have been proved to be associated with atherosclerosis development. Among the targets aimed to ameliorating atherosclerotic lesions, inducing bile acid synthesis to eliminate excess cholesterol in body is an effective way. Individual bile acid as endogenous ligands for the nuclear receptor has differential effects on regulating bile acid metabolism. It is unclear whether bile acid profiles are mechanistically linked to TMAO-induced development of atherosclerosis.
methodsMale apoE
resultsThe total plaque areas in the aortas strongly increased 2-fold (P < 0.001) in TMAO administration mice. The levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) in TMAO group were also significantly increased by 25.5% (P = 0.044), 31.2% (P = 0.006), 28.3% (P = 0.032), respectively. TMAO notably changed bile acid profiles, especially in serum, the most prominent inductions were tauromuricholic acid (TMCA), deoxycholic acid (DCA) and cholic acid (CA). Mechanically, TMAO inhibited hepatic bile acid synthesis by specifically repressing the classical bile acid synthesis pathway, which might be mediated by activation of small heterodimer partner (SHP) and farnesoid X receptor (FXR).
conclusionsThese findings suggested that TMAO accelerated aortic lesion formation in apoE
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.