ArticleBMC cancer2018
Risk of lung cancer in relation to various metrics of smoking history: a case-control study in Montreal.
Article in BMC cancer, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluating eight smoking metrics for modelling survival in non-small cell lung cancer.Cancer epidemiology · 2026Pooled it
- Motivational support intervention to reduce smoking and increase physical activity in smokers not ready to quit: the TARS RCT.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2023Pooled it
- Tobacco Smoking and Risk of Second Primary Lung Cancer.Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Ever-smokers in Norway and lung cancer: median time from self-reported smoking debut to lung cancer diagnosis in 11 prospective population studies (CONOR).ERJ open research · 2026Article
- Performance of smoking duration-based lung cancer screening eligibility criteria: a comparative modeling study.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2026Article
- Rho-associated kinase (ROCK)-associated proteins and genes-encoded proteins upregulated in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC).Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute · 2026Article
- A comprehensive examination of the impact of environmental pollution on lung cancer: A review.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Personalizing lung cancer screening recommendations for heterogeneous populations: a microsimulation study.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2026Article
- Tobacco smoking is associated with solid growth pattern in primary lung adenocarcinoma.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Article
- Global nexus of smoking prevalence, healthcare quality and respiratory cancer mortality: a cross-continental study.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Hepatocellular carcinoma patients with undetectable baseline hepatitis B viral DNA may benefit from immunotherapy.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Smoking-independent DNA methylation markers for lung cancer risk: External validation in a large population-based cohort study.Cancer science · 2025Article
- Lung Cancer-Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Treatment and Molecular Aspect (Review of Literature).International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Association of Germline Pathogenic Variants inJCO precision oncology · 2025Article
- Risk of all-cause mortality by various cigarette smoking indices: A longitudinal study using the Korea National Health Examination Baseline Cohort in South Korea.Tobacco induced diseases · 2025Article
- The Risk of Lung Cancer in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2024Article
- The Development and Performance of Alternative Criteria for Lung Cancer Screening.Annals of internal medicine · 2024Article
- The correlation between smoking cumulative dose based on Brinkman Index with peak expiratory flow rate.Journal of general and family medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFew epidemiologic findings are as well established as the association between smoking and lung cancer. It is therefore somewhat surprising that there is not yet a clear consensus about the exposure-response relationships between various metrics of smoking and lung cancer risk. In part this is due to heterogeneity of how exposure-response results have been presented and the relative paucity of published results using any particular metric of exposure. The purposes of this study are: to provide new data on smoking-lung cancer associations and to explore the relative impact of different dimensions of smoking history on lung cancer risk.
methodsBased on a large lung cancer case-control study (1203 cases and 1513 controls) conducted in Montreal in 1996-2000, we estimated the lifetime prevalence of smoking and odds ratios in relation to several smoking metrics, both categorical and continuous based on multivariable unconditional logistic regression.
resultsOdds ratios (ORs) for ever vs never smoking were 7.82 among males and 11.76 among females. ORs increased sharply with every metric of smoking examined, more so for duration than for daily intensity. In models using continuous smoking variables, all metrics had strong effects on OR and mutual adjustment among smoking metrics did not noticeably attenuate the OR estimates, indicating that each metric carries some independent risk-related information. Among all the models tested, the one based on a smoking index that integrates several smoking dimensions, provided the best fitting model. Similar patterns were observed for the different histologic types of lung cancer.
conclusionsThis study provides many estimates of exposure-response relationships between smoking and lung cancer; these can be used in future meta-analyses. Irrespective of the histologic type of lung cancer and the smoking metric examined, high levels of smoking led to high levels of risk, for both men and women.
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