ArticlePloS one2018
The live poultry trade and the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza: Regional differences between Europe, West Africa, and Southeast Asia.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Prioritizing smallholder animal health needs in East Africa, West Africa, and South Asia using three approaches: Literature review, expert workshops, and practitioner surveys.Preventive veterinary medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Zoonotic neglected tropical diseases at the animal-human interface in the Greater Mekong Subregion: Two decades of surveillance in Laos and Cambodia.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Review
- Disentangling the drivers and host-mediated global spread of H7 influenza A virus.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Environmental metagenomics enhances detection of circulating viruses from live poultry markets in Cambodia.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Evolution and Spread of Regionally Adapted Newcastle Disease Virus Isolates From Live Bird Markets in Nigeria, 2023-2024.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
- Epidemiology, Virology, and Control of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Kazakhstan.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Investigating the Presence and Genetic Variability of Porcine Circovirus Types 2 and 3 in Live Markets in Border Cities of Northeast China.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2025Article
- Quantifying Time-Dependent Predictors for the International Spatial Spread of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5NX: Focus on Trade and Surveillance Efforts.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2025Article
- The Alarming Situation of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses in 2019-2023.Global medical genetics · 2024Review
- From isolation to revival: trade recovery amid global health crises.Globalization and health · 2024Article
- Association of biosecurity and hygiene practices with avian influenza A/H5 and A/H9 virus infections in turkey farms.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Exploring scenarios for the food system-zoonotic risk interface.The Lancet. Planetary health · 2023Review
- Emerging and re-emerging zoonotic viral diseases in Southeast Asia: One Health challenge.Frontiers in public health · 2023Review
- H9N2 avian influenza virus dispersal along Bangladeshi poultry trading networks.Virus evolution · 2023Article
- Environmental factors and spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of the global outbreaks of the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- Review
- A framework for the risk prediction of avian influenza occurrence: An Indonesian case study.PloS one · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the past two decades, avian influenzas have posed an increasing international threat to human and livestock health. In particular, highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 has spread across Asia, Africa, and Europe, leading to the deaths of millions of poultry and hundreds of people. The two main means of international spread are through migratory birds and the live poultry trade. We focus on the role played by the live poultry trade in the spread of H5N1 across three regions widely infected by the disease, which also correspond to three major trade blocs: the European Union (EU), the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Across all three regions, we found per-capita GDP (a proxy for modernization, general biosecurity, and value-at-risk) to be risk reducing. A more specific biosecurity measure-general surveillance-was also found to be mitigating at the all-regions level. However, there were important inter-regional differences. For the EU and ASEAN, intra-bloc live poultry imports were risk reducing while extra-bloc imports were risk increasing; for ECOWAS the reverse was true. This is likely due to the fact that while the EU and ASEAN have long-standing biosecurity standards and stringent enforcement (pursuant to the World Trade Organization's Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures), ECOWAS suffered from a lack of uniform standards and lax enforcement.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.