ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2018
Long-Term Exposure to Ultrafine Particles and Incidence of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease in a Prospective Study of a Dutch Cohort.
Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 202 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review and meta-analysis on the health effects of long-term exposure to ultrafine particles.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Pooled it
- Long-term exposure to elemental carbon and disease incidence: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2025Pooled it
- Assessment of long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution: An exposure framework.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2025Pooled it
- Association between PM10 exposure and risk of myocardial infarction in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Air Pollution and Temperature: a Systematic Review of Ubiquitous Environmental Exposures and Sudden Cardiac Death.Current environmental health reports · 2023Pooled it
- Effect of Air Pollution on Heart Failure: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Environmental health perspectives · 2023Pooled it
- The long-term effect of exposure to respirable particulate matter on the incidence of myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis study.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Pooled it
- Ambient fine particulate matter of diameter ≤ 2.5 μm and risk of hemorrhagic stroke: a systemic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Pooled it
- Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Myocardial Infarction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Acute Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Effects of Near-Roadway Exposures With and Without N95 Respirators.American journal of hypertension · 2019Trial
- Advancing Long-Term Outdoor Air Pollution Exposure Assessment for Health Studies: Lessons from a Multinational Research Initiative.Current environmental health reports · 2026Review
- Air quality and health implications of exposure to ultrafine particle pollution.Cardiovascular research · 2026Article
- Changes of Long-Term Exposure to Ultrafine Particles From 2010 to 2019 in High Income Countries in Relation to Cardiovascular Diseases.GeoHealth · 2026Article
- Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and risk of incident acute myocardial infarction in a nationwide register-based cohort study.International archives of occupational and environmental health · 2026Article
- Ambient Ultrafine Particulate Air Pollution and Incidence of Cardiovascular Diseases.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Wildland-urban interface co-combustion of biomass, synthetic polymeric materials, and lithium-ion batteries generates a new class of ultrafine soot-metal-PAH hybrid particles.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Accounting for Mobility in Air Pollution Exposure Estimates in Studies on Long-Term Health Effects.Research report (Health Effects Institute) · 2025Article
- A comprehensive review/expert statement on environmental risk factors of cardiovascular disease.Cardiovascular research · 2025Review
- Optimizing Air Pollution Exposure Assessment with Application to Cognitive Function.Research report (Health Effects Institute) · 2025Article
- Indoor/Outdoor Particulate Matter and Related Pollutants in a Sensitive Public Building in Madrid (Spain).International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThere is growing evidence that exposure to ultrafine particles (UFP; particles smaller than [Formula: see text]) may play an underexplored role in the etiology of several illnesses, including cardiovascular disease (CVD).
objectivesWe aimed o investigate the relationship between long-term exposure to ambient UFP and incident cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease (CVA). As a secondary objective, we sought to compare effect estimates for UFP with those derived for other air pollutants, including estimates from two-pollutant models.
methodsUsing a prospective cohort of 33,831 Dutch residents, we studied the association between long-term exposure to UFP (predicted via land use regression) and incident disease using Cox proportional hazard models. Hazard ratios (HR) for UFP were compared to HRs for more routinely monitored air pollutants, including particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]), PM with aerodynamic diameter [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]), and [Formula: see text].
resultsLong-term UFP exposure was associated with an increased risk for all incident CVD [[Formula: see text] per [Formula: see text]; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03, 1.34], myocardial infarction (MI) ([Formula: see text]; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.79), and heart failure ([Formula: see text]; 95% CI: 1.17, 2.66). Positive associations were also estimated for [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.48 per [Formula: see text]) and coarse PM ([Formula: see text]; HR for all [Formula: see text]; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.45 per [Formula: see text]). CVD was not positively associated with [Formula: see text] (HR for all [Formula: see text]; 95% CI: 0.75, 1.28 per [Formula: see text]). HRs for UFP and CVAs were positive, but not significant. In two-pollutant models ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]), positive associations tended to remain for UFP, while HRs for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] generally attenuated towards the null.
conclusionsThese findings strengthen the evidence that UFP exposure plays an important role in cardiovascular health and that risks of ambient air pollution may have been underestimated based on conventional air pollution metrics. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP3047.
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