ReviewJournal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN2019
A review of functional neurological symptom disorder etiology and the integrated etiological summary model
Review in Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed.
- Nocebo Hypothesis Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder (Motor Type): A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2025Trial
- Sense of control, selective attention, cognitive inhibition, and psychosocial outcomes after Retraining and Control Therapy (ReACT) in pediatric functional seizures.Epilepsy & behavior : E&B · 2023Trial
- Retraining and control therapy for pediatric psychogenic non-epileptic seizures.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2020Trial
- Investigating mechanisms and monitoring outcomes in functional neurological disorder: the unrealized potential of digital remote monitoring technologies.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2026Review
- Autism in children and young people with functional tic-like behaviours: a retrospective cross-sectional study.Archives of disease in childhood · 2026Article
- Hypnotizability and Time Reproduction.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2026Article
- Long-Term Follow-Up of Patients with Mass Social Media-Induced Illness Presenting with Functional Tic-like Behaviors.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2026Article
- Long-term follow-up of individuals at risk of or who developed resignation syndrome in childhood, were granted residence permits and cared for within the Stockholm region: a register study.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Stress-related neuroplasticity and developmental vulnerability in functional neurological disorder: from adverse experience to maladaptive overlearning.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Biopsychosocial interplay of personal injury insurance, legal frameworks, and functional neurological disorder: an emerging perspective on recovery and disability determinants.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Review
- Functional Neurological Disorder Management in a Pediatric Hospital: A Retrospective Chart Review.International journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Uncertainty as an operative construct and treatment target in functional neurological disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Cognitive rehabilitation for functional neurological disorder.CNS spectrums · 2025Review
- Characterising alexithymia in individuals with functional motor disorders: a cross-sectional analysis of the Italian Registry of Functional Motor Disorders.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2025Article
- Unraveling functional neurological disorder in pediatric populations: A systematic review of diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2025Article
- A functional seizure case in Wilson's disease.Epilepsy & behavior reports · 2025Article
- Telehealth provision of Retraining and Control Therapy (ReACT) on cognitive and biopsychosocial functioning in pediatric functional neurological disorder.Journal of psychosomatic research · 2025Observational
- Psychophysiological Acute Effects of Functional Neurology Intervention on Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Dysfunction.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2025Article
- Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy for Functional Somatic Disorders: A Scoping Review.Clinical neuropsychiatry · 2025Article
- Stable Yet Destabilised: Towards Understanding Brain Network Dynamics in Psychogenic Disorders.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Functional neurological symptom disorder (FNSD) is characterized by neurological symptoms that are unexplained by other traditional neurological or medical conditions. Both physicians and patients have limited understanding of FNSD, which is often explained as a physical manifestation of psychological distress. Recently, diagnostic criteria have shifted from requiring a preceding stressor to relying on positive symptoms. Given this shift, we have provided a review of the etiology of FNSD. Predisposing factors include trauma or psychiatric symptoms, somatic symptoms, illness exposure, symptom monitoring and neurobiological factors. Neurobiological research has indicated that patients with FNSD have a decreased sense of agency and abnormal attentional focus on the affected area, both of which are modulated by beliefs and expectations about illness. Sick role and secondary gain may reinforce and maintain FNSD. The integrated etiological summary model combines research from various fields and other recent etiological models to represent the current understanding of FNSD etiology. It discusses a potential causal mechanism and informs future research and treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.