ReviewActa paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)2019
Review shows that donor milk does not promote the growth and development of preterm infants as well as maternal milk.
Review in Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06843278 (Donor Breast Milk and Serum Ferritin Levels in Very Preterm Infants), which is not on this map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Donor Breast Milk and Serum Ferritin Levels in Very Preterm Infants: A Prospective, Observational Study
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Herbal galactagogues to improve breastmilk production and lactation in mothers of preterm babies: a systematic review of clinical trials.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Source of human milk (mother or donor) is more important than fortifier type (human or bovine) in shaping the preterm infant microbiome.Cell reports. Medicine · 2022Trial
- Article
- Impact of fortifiers on donor milk nutrient composition: An experimental study.JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition · 2026Article
- Donor human milk and structural brain development in very preterm infants.Pediatric research · 2026Observational
- Human Milk Practices in Swedish Neonatal Units: Results From a Nationwide Survey.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2026Article
- Ultraviolet-C Treatment Better Preserves the Proteomic Profile of Donor Human Milk than Holder Pasteurization.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2025Article
- Exclusive human milk diet is associated with lower risk of motor function impairment at three years of corrected age.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2025Article
- Immune development differs between preterm newborns fed mothers' own milk and donor milk.iScience · 2025Article
- Enteral plasma feeding improves gut function and immunity in piglets after birth asphyxia.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- Determinants of early lactation failure in mothers of moderately preterm neonates: a multilevel analysis of survey data.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Milk microbiome transplantation: recolonizing donor milk with mother's own milk microbiota.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Role of Hindmilk in Weight Gain of Preterm Low-Birth-Weight Neonates: A Prospective Comparative Study.Cureus · 2024Article
- Personalized Nutrition with Banked Human Milk for Early Gut Microbiota Development: In Pursuit of the Perfect Match.Nutrients · 2024Review
- The Effect of Holder Pasteurization and Different Variants on Breast Milk Antioxidants.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Article
- Exclusive Human Milk Diet for Extremely Premature Infants: A Novel Fortification Strategy That Enhances the Bioactive Properties of Fresh, Frozen, and Pasteurized Milk Specimens.Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine · 2023Observational
- The Impacts of Single Preterm Human Donor Milk Compared to Mother's Own Milk on Growth and Body Composition.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Short-term effects of fresh mother's own milk in very preterm infants.Maternal & child nutrition · 2023Article
- Human milk pH is associated with fortification, postpartum day, and maternal dietary intake in preterm mother-infant dyads.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2023Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aimThis nonsystematic review examined differences in the composition of raw maternal breastmilk and pasteurised donor milk and possible health effects on preterm infants.
methodsWe searched PubMed up to July 2018 for studies published in English that focused on four comparisons as follows: raw maternal milk versus donor milk, human milk before and after Holder pasteurisation, milk from mothers who delivered preterm and at term and milk collected during early and late lactation. We also searched for possible effects of the milk components, as well as the effects of maternal and donor milk on preterm infants' health.
resultsRaw maternal milk contained factors involved in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory defence, gut microbiome establishment and the maturation of immune defences, food tolerability and metabolism. Many of these factors were reduced or abolished in processed donor milk. Both maternal milk and donor milk have been associated with a reduced incidence of necrotising enterocolitis. High-dose feeding with maternal milk during the neonatal period reportedly reduced the risk of other morbidities and promoted growth and neurodevelopment.
conclusionMany of the components in raw maternal breastmilk were lacking in pasteurised donor milk, which was inferior in promoting the growth and development of very preterm infants.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.