ArticleBJGP open2018
Prescribing antibiotics when the stakes are higher - do GPs prescribe less when patients are pregnant? A retrospective observational study.
Article in BJGP open, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Factors associated with antibiotic use during pregnancy in Sweden: a population-based cohort study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Antibiotic use during pregnancy in Sweden: A nationwide utilization study covering 2007-2019.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2024Article
- Article
- Relationship between Maternal and First Year of Life Dispensations of Antibiotics and Antiasthmatics.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMost oral antibiotics are prescribed by GPs, and they are therefore the most important influencers with regard to improving antibiotic prescription patterns. Although GPs' prescription patterns in general are well-studied, little is known about antibiotic prescription patterns in pregnancy.
aimTo study GPs' antibiotic prescriptions in respiratory tract infections (RTIs) during pregnancy, and assess differences, if any, between pregnant and non-pregnant patients. DESIGN &
settingRetrospective observational study combining prescription data from the Norwegian Peer Academic Detailing (Rx-PAD) study database, pregnancy data from the Norwegian birth registry, and pharmacy dispension data from the Norwegian Prescription Database (NorPD).
methodRecords of patient contacts with 458 GPs, between December 2004 and February 2007, were screened for RTI episodes. Similar diagnoses were grouped together, as were similar antibiotics. Episodes were categorised according to whether the patient was pregnant or not, and included women aged 16-46 years. Logistic regression models were used to assess odds ratios (ORs), and calculated relative risks (cRRs) were produced. The authors also adjusted for clustering at various levels.
resultsOverall prescription rate for RTI episodes was 30.8% (
conclusionNorwegian GPs prescribe fewer antibiotics overall when patients are pregnant and, when they do prescribe, choose more narrow spectrum antibiotics for RTIs. This indicates a possible lower target rate for GP prescriptions to females. A low antibiotic dispension rate during pregnancy may represent a discussion topic in the consultation setting, to address possible reasons and avoid under-treatment.
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