ArticleJournal for immunotherapy of cancer2018
Tumor cell-released autophagosomes (TRAPs) promote immunosuppression through induction of M2-like macrophages with increased expression of PD-L1.
Article in Journal for immunotherapy of cancer, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 118 papers.
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Who cites it
118 citing papers in PubMed, 161 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integrated multi-omics and functional analyses reveal a GDCA-TGR5-mediated immunometabolic signature in anorexia nervosa.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Machine learning-driven M2 macrophage signature for precision prediction of survival and therapy response in acute myeloid leukemia.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Article
- Tumor cell-released autophagosome (TRAP) programs inflammatory CAFs to drive the immune-excluded TIME through C3a.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Article
- Integrin-mediated mechanotransduction in the tumor microenvironment: macrophage-centered signaling mechanisms and immune remodeling.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- From Cold to Hot: Nanozyme-Based Strategies for Reprogramming the Tumour Immunoenvironment.Cell proliferation · 2026Review
- Targeting Autophagy to Overcome Chemoresistance and Immune Resistance in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Cancers · 2026Review
- Immune-evasive stem cells: engineering tolerance and reprogramming microenvironments for regenerative therapy.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Review
- Single-cell mapping of tumor-driven macrophage reprogramming via ETV4-MC1R underlies immunotherapy resistance in colorectal cancer.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2026Article
- VAMP4/STX8 Mediate the Autophagic Secretion of Mitochondria and Promote TAMs Polarization in HNSCC.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Development of a computed tomography radiomics and CD38 integrated model: predicting immunotherapy response and investigating biological implications in non-small cell lung cancer.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Remodeling the tumor immune microenvironment: mechanisms of crosstalk between regulated cell death macrophages.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The Research Progress of Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Prostate Cancer.Journal of immunology research · 2026Review
- Integrated single-cell and bulk transcriptomics identify autophagy-related immune-suppressive subtypes and a prognostic signature in colorectal cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Preliminary Study on the Effect of Bronchial Epithelial Cell-Released Autophagosome (BA)-Induced Neutrophils on Bronchial Epithelial Cells.Canadian respiratory journal · 2026Article
- Core-shell engineered Col/Cs@ECM microspheres for macrophage-targeted intracellular drug release in RA therapy.Bioactive materials · 2025Article
- NMRK2 leads to the depletion of CD8Oncogene · 2025Article
- Targeting autophagy to enhance cancer immunotherapy: emerging mechanisms and strategies.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Extracellular vesicles: biogenesis mechanism and impacts on tumor immune microenvironment.Journal of biomedical science · 2025Review
- Macrophages in prostate cancer: dual roles in tumor progression and immune evasion.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Review
58 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) facilitate tumor progression via establishment of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). However, it is poorly understood how tumor cells could functionally modulate TAMs. Our previous work indicated that tumor cell-released autophagosomes (TRAPs), a type of LC3-II
methodsTRAPs isolated from multiple murine tumor cell lines and pleural effusions or ascites of cancer patients were incubated with bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and monocytes, respectively. Cellular phenotypes were examined by flow cytometry, ELISA and quantitative PCR. TRAPs treated BMDMs were tested for the ability to suppress T-cell proliferation in vitro, and for promotion of tumor growth in vivo. Transwell chamber and neutralization antibodies were added to ascertain the inhibitory molecules expressed on BMDMs exposed to TRAPs. Knockout mice were used to identify the receptors responsible for TRAPs-induced BMDMs polarization and the signaling mechanism was examined by western blot. Autophagy-deficient tumors were profiled for phenotypic changes of TAMs and IFN-γ secretion of T cells by flow cytometry. The phenotype of monocytes from pleural effusions or ascites of cancer patients was assessed by flow cytometry.
resultsTRAPs converted macrophages into an immunosuppressive M2-like phenotype characterized by the expression of PD-L1 and IL-10. These macrophages inhibited the proliferation of both CD4
conclusionsThese findings suggest the TRAPs-PD-L1 axis as a major driver of immunosuppression in the TME by eliciting macrophage polarization towards an M2-like phenotype, and highlight the potential novel therapeutic approach of simultaneously targeting autophagy and PD-L1.
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