ArticleJournal of the American Heart Association2019
Cardiovascular Diseases Deaths Attributable to High Sodium Intake in Shandong Province, China.
Article in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Further evidence that methods based on spot urine samples should not be used to examine sodium-disease relationships from the Science of Salt: A regularly updated systematic review of salt and health outcomes (November 2018 to August 2019).Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2020Pooled it
- Translating Observational Data Into Public Health Action: Reducing Early Childhood Caries Burden Related to Socioeconomic Disparities.Community dentistry and oral epidemiology · 2026Article
- The association between time-weighted cumulative life's essential 8 and aortic valve calcification.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Neutrophil stalling does not mediate the increase in tau phosphorylation and the cognitive impairment associated with high salt diet.Cardiovascular research · 2025Article
- Incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage in Shangdong province, East China, 2012-2021: a population-based study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Prevalence Characteristics and Spatial Aggregation of Sudden Cardiac Death in Shandong Province by Counties and Districts, 2020 to 2021.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- The global burden of chronic kidney disease attributable to high sodium intake: a comprehensive analysis of trends from 1990 to 2021 and burden prediction to 2040.Frontiers in nephrology · 2025Article
- Canagliflozin and irbesartan ameliorate renal fibrosis via the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway in Dahl salt-sensitive rats.The Journal of international medical research · 2023Article
- Association of Cardiovascular Health Assessed by the New Life's Essential 8 Metrics With Years Lived Without Cardiovascular Disease.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2023Article
- Article
- High sodium diet intake and cardiovascular diseases: An attributable death study in Tianjin, China.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2023Article
- Burden and attributable risk factors of ischemic stroke in China from 1990 to 2019: an analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Article
- Accuracy Evaluation of Carotid-Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity Estimated by Smart Terminal Watch.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
- Risk-Attributable Burden of Ischemic Heart Disease in 137 Low- and Middle-Income Countries From 2000 to 2019.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2021Article
- Transcriptome sequencing reveals high-salt diet-induced abnormal liver metabolic pathways in mice.BMC gastroenterology · 2021Article
- Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2021 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association.Circulation · 2021Article
- L-phenylalanine attenuates high salt-induced hypertension in Dahl SS rats through activation of GCH1-BH4.PloS one · 2021Article
- Associations Between Salt-Restriction Spoons and Long-Term Changes in Urinary NaJournal of the American Heart Association · 2020Article
- Association of a Province-Wide Intervention With Salt Intake and Hypertension in Shandong Province, China, 2011-2016.JAMA internal medicine · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background High sodium intake elevates blood pressure and thereby raises cardiovascular diseases ( CVD s). Sodium intake is high in northern China, including Shandong province where the SMASH (Shandong-Ministry of Health Action on Sodium and Hypertension) is currently underway. Methods and Results Blood pressure values and sodium intake measurements using 24-hour urinary excretion were collected from the 2011 SMASH baseline survey, which was conducted in 20 counties/districts using a multistage stratified cluster random sampling method. We derived cause-specific mortality from the Shandong Death Registration System ( SDRS ) during the same year and used population-attributable fraction to estimate annual CVD s deaths attributable to high sodium intake (mediated through elevated systolic blood pressure) and CVD deaths averted by achieving different sodium-reduction targets. Overall, 16 100 (95% uncertainty intervals, 11 000-22 600) CVD deaths among adults aged 25 to 69 years, including 5600 (4000-6500) for ischemic heart disease and 9000 (6700-11 600) for stroke, were attributable to higher sodium intake (2000 mg/day or 5.0 g/day of salt as a reference) in Shandong in 2011, accounting for 19.9% (13.7-25.0%) of total CVD deaths. The benefit of CVD deaths from sodium reduction is considerable with 8800 (6400-13 600), 6700 (4900-11 600), and 8500 (6000-10 800) averted, respectively, if sodium intake was reduced from the 2011 baseline to 3500 mg/day, 4000 mg/day, or reduced by 30%. Conclusions Nearly 20% of CVD deaths among adults aged 25 to 69 years could be attributable to the systolic blood pressure-raising effect of high sodium intake in Shandong in 2011. Potential benefits from population reduction of sodium intake are considerable.
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