ArticleViruses2018
Toll-Like Receptor 3 Is Involved in Detection of Enterovirus A71 Infection and Targeted by Viral 2A Protease.
Article in Viruses, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mucosal Immunity: The Key to Combating Enteroviruses and Beyond.Journal of immunology research · 2026Review
- Endosomes serve as signaling platforms for RIG-I ubiquitination and activation.Science advances · 2024Article
- Update on enteroviral protease 2A: Structure, function, and host factor interaction.Biosafety and health · 2023Review
- Current status of hand-foot-and-mouth disease.Journal of biomedical science · 2023Review
- TRAF3 activates STING-mediated suppression of EV-A71 and target of viral evasion.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Article
- Influenza a virus NS1 resembles a TRAF3-interacting motif to target the RNA sensing-TRAF3-type I IFN axis and impair antiviral innate immunity.Journal of biomedical science · 2021Article
- Review
- MiR-146a down-regulates inflammatory response by targeting TLR3 and TRAF6 in Coxsackievirus B infection.RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2020Article
- Molecular Pathogenicity of Enteroviruses Causing Neurological Disease.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Review
- EV71 Infection Induces IFNβ Expression in Neural Cells.Viruses · 2019Article
- Interplays between Enterovirus A71 and the innate immune system.Journal of biomedical science · 2019Review
- Insights into innate and adaptive immune responses in vaccine development against EV-A71.Therapeutic advances in vaccines and immunotherapy · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) has emerged as a major pathogen causing hand, foot, and mouth disease, as well as neurological disorders. The host immune response affects the outcomes of EV-A71 infection, leading to either resolution or disease progression. However, the mechanisms of how the mammalian innate immune system detects EV-A71 infection to elicit antiviral immunity remain elusive. Here, we report that the Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is a key viral RNA sensor for sensing EV-A71 infection to trigger antiviral immunity. Expression of TLR3 in HEK293 cells enabled the cells to sense EV-A71 infection, leading to type I, IFN-mediated antiviral immunity. Viral double-stranded RNA derived from EV-A71 infection was a key ligand for TLR3 detection. Silencing of TLR3 in mouse and human primary immune cells impaired the activation of IFN-β upon EV-A71 infection, thus reinforcing the importance of the TLR3 pathway in defending against EV-A71 infection. Our results further demonstrated that TLR3 was a target of EV-A71 infection. EV-A71 protease 2A was implicated in the downregulation of TLR3. Together, our results not only demonstrate the importance of the TLR3 pathway in response to EV-A71 infection, but also reveal the involvement of EV-A71 protease 2A in subverting TLR3-mediated antiviral defenses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.