Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30561654›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of epidemiology2019

Shedding light on the link between early life sun exposure and risk of multiple sclerosis: results from the EnvIMS Study.

Sandra Magalhaes, Maura Pugliatti, Trond Riise, Kjell-Morten Myhr, Antonio Ciampi, Kjetil Bjornevik, Christina Wolfson

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of epidemiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
1.0field-weighted citation impact, top 24% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Multiple sclerosis: molecular pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. The effects of exposure to solar radiation on human health.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2023
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.

Sandra MagalhaesNeuroepidemiology Research Unit, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Maura PugliattiDepartment of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Trond RiiseDepartment of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Kjell-Morten MyhrNational Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
Antonio CiampiDepartment of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Kjetil BjornevikDepartment of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Christina WolfsonNeuroepidemiology Research Unit, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
McGill University · CAUniversity of Bergen · NOMcGill University Health Centre · CA

Funding

CIHR
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundLower levels of sun exposure in childhood have been suggested to be associated with increased risk of multiple sclerosis (MS). In this paper we extend previous work, using two novel analytical strategies.

methodsData collected in the Environmental risk factors In MS (EnvIMS) study, a case-control study with MS cases and population-based controls from Canada, Italy and Norway, were used. Participants reported on sun exposure behaviours for 5-year age intervals from birth; we focused on the first three age intervals (≤15 years). We compared two life course epidemiology conceptual models, the critical period and the accumulation model. We also used latent class analysis to estimate MS risk for different latent sun exposure behaviour groups.

resultsThe analyses included 2251 cases and 4028 controls. The accumulation model was found to be the best model, which demonstrated a nearly 50% increased risk of MS comparing lowest reported summer sun exposure with highest [risk ratio (RR) = 1.47 (1.24, 1.74)]. The latent sun exposure behaviour group, characterized by low sun exposure during summer and winter and high sun protection use, had the highest risk of MS; a 76% increased risk as compared with the group with high sun exposure and low sun protection use [RR = 1.76 (1.27, 2.46)].

conclusionsOur analyses provide novel insights into the link between sun exposure and MS. We demonstrate that more time indoors during childhood and early adolescence is linked with MS risk, and that sun protection behaviours in those who spend most time indoors may play a key role in increasing risk.

Indexed as

SunlightAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAge DistributionBody Weights and MeasuresCanadaCase-Control StudiesChildChild, PreschoolExerciseFemaleHumansInfantInteratrial Blockaetiologycase-controlepidemiologyMultiple sclerosissun exposure

Identifiers

PMID30561654
PMCPMC6693814
OpenAlexW2904275459

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.