ArticleHuman molecular genetics2019
The effect of body mass index on smoking behaviour and nicotine metabolism: a Mendelian randomization study.
Article in Human molecular genetics, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- Maternal Cigarette Smoking and Cleft Lip and Palate: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association · 2022Pooled it
- Reassessing the link between adiposity and head and neck cancer: a Mendelian randomization study.eLife · 2025Article
- Whole Genome Sequencing of Pedigrees With High Density of Substance Use and Psychiatric Disorders: A Meeting Report.Genes, brain, and behavior · 2025Article
- Survival assessment and pre-diagnostic risk factors for lung cancer incidence: Insights from the Golestan Cohort Study.PloS one · 2025Article
- Predictors of high tobacco use prevalence among adults in Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, Serbia.PloS one · 2025Article
- Public attitudes about the support for the establishment of smoke-free environment.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Lifestyle Differences in the Metabolic Comorbidity Score of Adult Population From South Asian Countries: A Cross-Sectional Study.AJPM focus · 2024Article
- Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Fishing Community in Southern Italy.Safety and health at work · 2024Article
- The impact of early adversity on later life health, lifestyle, and cognition.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Using instruments for selection to adjust for selection bias in Mendelian randomization.Statistics in medicine · 2024Article
- Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Populations in a Suburb of the Largest City in Western Romania.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Epidemiological Association of Current Smoking Status with Hypertension and Obesity among Adults Including the Elderly in Korea: Multivariate Analysis of a Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study Excluding Grades 2-3 Hypertension Cases.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2024Article
- The Diverging Trend in Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke Among US Children.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Article
- Identification of potential mediators of the relationship between body mass index and colorectal cancer: a Mendelian randomization analysis.International journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Effects of Short-term Electronic(e)-Cigarette Aerosol Exposure in the Mouse Larynx.The Laryngoscope · 2024Article
- Fat Matters: Exploring Cancer Risk through the Lens of Computed Tomography and Visceral Adiposity.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Association between secondhand smoke and liver injury among US non-smoking adults: Mediation analysis of body mass index in the NHANES.Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Article
- Sex and gender differentials in the prevalence of obesity and its association with multimorbidity among reproductive-aged individuals in India.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Tobacco smoking is associated with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma but not with basal cell carcinoma or melanoma in adult subjects at risk of skin cancer: A cross-sectional study.Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Article
- Can Treatment Support Mitigate Nicotine Metabolism-Based Disparities in Smoking Abstinence? Secondary Analysis of the Helping HAND 4 Trial.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Given clear evidence that smoking lowers weight, it is possible that individuals with higher body mass index (BMI) smoke in order to lose or maintain their weight. We performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses of the effects of BMI on smoking behaviour in UK Biobank and the Tobacco and Genetics Consortium genome-wide association study (GWAS), on cotinine levels and nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR) in published GWAS and on DNA methylation in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Our results indicate that higher BMI causally influences lifetime smoking, smoking initiation, smoking heaviness and also DNA methylation at the aryl-hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AHRR) locus, but we do not see evidence for an effect on smoking cessation. While there is no strong evidence that BMI causally influences cotinine levels, suggestive evidence for a negative causal influence on NMR may explain this. There is a causal effect of BMI on smoking, but the relationship is likely to be complex due to opposing effects on behaviour and metabolism.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.