ReviewJournal of community hospital internal medicine perspectives2018
Levamisole adulterated cocaine associated ANCA vasculitis: review of literature and update on pathogenesis.
Review in Journal of community hospital internal medicine perspectives, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- The 2025 British Society for Rheumatology management recommendations for ANCA-associated vasculitis.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2025Guideline
- Environmental factors influencing the risk of ANCA-associated vasculitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Article
- Cocaine- and Levamisole-Induced Vasculitis (CLIV).Cureus · 2025Review
- Cocaine-Triggered PR3-ANCA Vasculitis Localized to a Post-Surgical Neck Field: A Case of Locus Minoris Resistentiae in Drug-Induced Autoimmunity.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Midline Destructive Lesions: Differentiating Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis From Cocaine-Induced Perforations.Cureus · 2025Article
- Cocaine-induced Vasculitis: Uncommon Manifestations in the Lower Extremities - A Case Report.Journal of community hospital internal medicine perspectives · 2025Article
- Cocaine- and Levamisole-Induced Vasculitis: Defining the Spectrum of Autoimmune Manifestations.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody in children with nephrotic syndrome treated with levamisole: a cross-sectional cohort study.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2024Observational
- Granulomatosis with polyangiitis or its mimic? A case report.The Journal of international medical research · 2024Article
- Levamisole-induced and COVID-19-induced retiform purpura: two overlapping, emerging clinical syndromes.Archives of dermatological research · 2023Review
- Acute tubular injury and Acute Interstitial Nephritis Secondary to Cocaine Use.Journal of Brown hospital medicine · 2023Article
- Cocaine-induced granulomatosis with polyangiitis-an under-recognized condition.Rheumatology advances in practice · 2023Article
- Pulmonary Renal Syndrome: Perilous Presentation in Pediatrics.Indian pediatrics · 2022Article
- Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis Induced by Cocaine Adulterated with Levamisole.European journal of case reports in internal medicine · 2022Article
- ANCA Associated Vasculitis Subtypes: Recent Insights and Future Perspectives.Journal of inflammation research · 2022Review
- Cocaine and Levamisole Induced Vasculitis.Cureus · 2021Article
- Levamisole and ANCA positivity in childhood nephrotic syndrome.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2021Article
- Surgical management and outcomes of levamisole-induced vasculitis in a burn center: A case series.JAAD case reports · 2021Article
- Simultaneous multifocal intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) and subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) in the setting of long-term cocaine usage.BMJ case reports · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Levamisole is an antihelminth drug and a common cocaine contaminant, present in an estimated 71% of cocaine samples in the US. Levamisole-contaminated cocaine has been linked to an ANCA-associated vasculitis with cutaneous, renal, and pulmonary manifestations. We report the case of a 46 year old woman with known cocaine exposure who presents with recurrent, large purpuric and maculopapular rash of the extremities and face and review existing cases of levamisole/cocaine-associated ANCA vasculitis, We summarize the clinical presentation, treatment, and outcomes of levamisole induced vasculitis. There is emerging research on pathogenesis relating to neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). We review studies implicating role of NETs in the pathogenesis of levamisole induced vasculitis. Further research to explore the use of NETs as therapeutic targets in drug induced vasculitis is needed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.