ArticleBMC public health2018
Factors associated with under-five mortality in Bhutan: an analysis of the Bhutan National Health Survey 2012.
Article in BMC public health, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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23 citing papers in PubMed.
- Avoidable mortality in childhood in Colombia: A type of violenceBiomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud · 2026Article
- Socioeconomic and regional inequalities in health-related quality of life in Bhutan: a nationally representative cross-sectional study.Journal of global health · 2026Article
- Strengthening midwifery and nursing interventions to reduce child mortality in South Asia: a policy and practice review.Journal of global health · 2025Review
- Resuscitation outcomes and associated factors among out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients at the National Referral Hospital, Bhutan: a prospective cohort study.International journal of emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Identifying determinants of under-5 mortality in Bangladesh: A machine learning approach with BDHS 2022 data.PloS one · 2025Article
- Article
- Reducing under-five mortality in Tanzania: insights from a 60-years data analysis on economic and health indicators.Malaria journal · 2024Article
- Time to death and its determinants of under-five children in rural Ethiopia by using shared frailty.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Analyzing the impact of access to electricity and biomass energy consumption on infant mortality rate: a global perspective.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2023Article
- Effects of household access to water, sanitation, and hygiene services on under-five mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Impact of Drinking Water Source and Sanitation Facility on Malnutrition Prevalence in Children under Three: A Gender-Disaggregated Analysis Using PDHS 2017-18.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Machine Learning Algorithms for understanding the determinants of under-five Mortality.BioData mining · 2022Article
- Trends of under-five mortality and associated risk factors in Zambia: a multi survey analysis between 2007 and 2018.BMC pediatrics · 2022Article
- Trend and correlates of under-5 mortality in Ethiopia: A multilevel model comparison of 2000-2016 EDHS data.SAGE open medicine · 2022Article
- Association of maternal high-risk fertility behavior and under-five mortality in Ethiopia: Community-based survey.PloS one · 2022Article
- Complex Survival System Modeling for Risk Assessment of Infant Mortality Using a Parametric Approach.Computational and mathematical methods in medicine · 2022Article
- Time to under-five mortality and its predictors in rural Ethiopia: Cox-gamma shared frailty model.PloS one · 2022Article
- Risk factors of mortality among children under age five in Awi Zone, northwest Ethiopia.PloS one · 2022Article
- Time to death and its determinants among under-five children in Sub-Saharan Africa using the recent (2010-2018) demographic and health survey data: country-based shared frailty analyses.BMC pediatrics · 2021Article
- Under-5 mortality in sub-Saharan Africa: is maternal age at first childbirth below 20 years a risk factor?BMJ open · 2021Article
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Abstract
backgroundAs an important marker for health equity and access, under-five mortality (UFM) is a primary measure for socioeconomic development. The importance of reducing UFM has been further emphasized in an ambitious target under Sustainable Development Goals. The factors influencing UFM are not adequately understood in Bhutan.
methodsThe most recent dataset of the Bhutan National Health Survey (BNHS) 2012 was used in this study. Multiple logistic regression analysis using a backwards elimination approach was performed to identify significant factors influencing UFM. All statistical analyses were adjusted for the complex study design due to the multistage stratified cluster sampling used in BNHS.
resultsBhutan's UFM rate was 37 per 1000 live births. The weighted mean age of the children was 7.3 years (SD: 1.53; range: 3-12). Mother's age, household size, access to electricity and sanitation, residential region, and parity were the key factors associated with UFM. The UFM risk was significantly lower in children born to mothers aged 36-40 years, 41-45 years, and > 45 years when compared to that in children born to mothers aged < 26 years. The likelihood of mortality was 66% lower (95% CI: 0.21-0.55) among children born in households with > 5 members. Children born in households without electricity and safe sanitation had a significantly higher risk of death, by 81 and 49% respectively. Relative to those born in the west, children born in the central and eastern regions were 1.72 (95% CI: 1.07-2.77) and 2.09 (95% CI: 1.46-2.99) times more likely to die, respectively. Children born to mothers who gave birth to > 2 children were significantly more likely to die than their counterparts.
conclusionThese findings suggest that younger mother's age, the higher number of births and being born in the central and eastern regions are associated with a higher UFM risk, whereas a larger household size and access to electricity and safe sanitation are key factors associated with lower UFM risk in Bhutan. Women empowerment, health education and strategies promoting maternal and child health in rural areas need to be scaled-up. Additionally, socioeconomic development programs should seek to reduce regional disparities.
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