ReviewNutrients2018
Nutrition in Ultra-Endurance: State of the Art.
Review in Nutrients, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- "Do probiotics mitigate GI-induced inflammation and perceived fatigue in athletes? A systematic review".Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effects of Sodium Intake on Health and Performance in Endurance and Ultra-Endurance Sports.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Relationship of Carbohydrate Intake during a Single-Stage One-Day Ultra-Trail Race with Fatigue Outcomes and Gastrointestinal Problems: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Effects of Dark Chocolate on Physiological and Anaerobic Performance Among Healthy Female and Male Adults.Nutrients · 2025Trial
- Sex Differences in Supplement Intake in Recreational Endurance Runners-Results from the NURMI Study (Step 2).Nutrients · 2021Trial
- Ultra-Marathon-Induced Increase in Serum Levels of Vitamin D Metabolites: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.Nutrients · 2020Trial
- Effect of Iron Supplementation on the Modulation of Iron Metabolism, Muscle Damage Biomarkers and Cortisol in Professional Cyclists.Nutrients · 2019Trial
- Review
- 24-Hour Ultra-Marathon Running: A Narrative Review of Performance Factors and Physiological Impacts.Sports medicine - open · 2026Review
- Exercise and Kidney Health: Core Curriculum 2026.American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation · 2026Review
- A Review of Carbohydrate Supplementation Approaches and Strategies for Optimizing Performance in Elite Long-Distance Endurance.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Running on the edge: hematological responses to a non-stop ultramarathon with a focus on nitric oxide-mediated red blood cell deformability.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Article
- Serum parameters and energy balance during the Yukon Arctic Ultra: a multistage ultramarathon in Arctic conditions.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Review
- Optimizing athletic performance through advanced nutrition strategies: can AI and digital platforms have a role in ultraendurance sports?Biology of sport · 2024Article
- Intestinal Microbiota Interventions to Enhance Athletic Performance-A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Ultra-Cycling- Past, Present, Future: A Narrative Review.Sports medicine - open · 2024Review
- Advances in Understanding the Interplay between Dietary Practices, Body Composition, and Sports Performance in Athletes.Nutrients · 2024Review
- A comparative observational study of carbohydrate intake and continuous blood glucose levels in relation to performance in ultramarathon.Scientific reports · 2024Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Athletes competing in ultra-endurance sports should manage nutritional issues, especially with regards to energy and fluid balance. An ultra-endurance race, considered a duration of at least 6 h, might induce the energy balance (i.e., energy deficit) in levels that could reach up to ~7000 kcal per day. Such a negative energy balance is a major health and performance concern as it leads to a decrease of both fat and skeletal muscle mass in events such as 24-h swimming, 6-day cycling or 17-day running. Sport anemia caused by heavy exercise and gastrointestinal discomfort, under hot or cold environmental conditions also needs to be considered as a major factor for health and performance in ultra-endurance sports. In addition, fluid losses from sweat can reach up to 2 L/h due to increased metabolic work during prolonged exercise and exercise under hot environments that might result in hypohydration. Athletes are at an increased risk for exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH) and limb swelling when intake of fluids is greater than the volume lost. Optimal pre-race nutritional strategies should aim to increase fat utilization during exercise, and the consumption of fat-rich foods may be considered during the race, as well as carbohydrates, electrolytes, and fluid. Moreover, to reduce the risk of EAH, fluid intake should include sodium in the amounts of 10⁻25 mmol to reduce the risk of EAH and should be limited to 300⁻600 mL per hour of the race.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.