ArticlePloS one2018
An international analysis of the price and affordability of beer.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The relationship between the price and demand of alcohol, tobacco, unhealthy food, sugar-sweetened beverages, and gambling: an umbrella review of systematic reviews.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Impact of alcohol excise taxation and structural reforms on per capita consumption in Thailand, 1995-2021: an interrupted time-series analysis.The International journal on drug policy · 2026Article
- Changes in price, income and e-cigarette affordability for young people in the USA from 2015 to 2021.Tobacco control · 2026Article
- Trends in Cigarette Affordability and Demographic Determinants of Cigarette Consumption in Vietnam From 2020 to 2024.Tobacco use insights · 2026Article
- Investigating Indicators to Assess and Support Alcohol Taxation Policy: Results From the International Alcohol Control (IAC) Study.International journal of health policy and management · 2025Article
- Assessing the early influence of COVID-19 in an analysis of the immediate implementation of Minimum Pricing for Alcohol on drinkers in Wales.Nordisk alkohol- & narkotikatidskrift : NAT · 2024Article
- A measure of alcohol affordability for Sweden: Capturing trends among different demographic groups.Nordisk alkohol- & narkotikatidskrift : NAT · 2023Article
- Benchmarking alcohol policy based on stringency and impact: The International Alcohol Control (IAC) policy index.PLOS global public health · 2022Article
- Classifying Alcohol Control Policies with Respect to Expected Changes in Consumption and Alcohol-Attributable Harm: The Example of Lithuania, 2000-2019.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Alcohol excise taxes as a percentage of retail alcohol prices in 26 OECD countries.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Article
- Article
- Alcohol Control Policy in Europe: Overview and Exemplary Countries.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Review
- The pass-through of alcohol excise taxes to prices in OECD countries.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2020Article
- High-Intensity Drinking in Adult Australian Twins.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2020Article
- Introducing the PLOS special collection of economic cases for NCD prevention and control: A global perspective.PloS one · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsTo apply methods for measuring the affordability of beer in a large cross section of countries, and to investigate trends in affordability of beer over time.
methodsWe use the Relative Income Price (RIP), which uses per capita GDP, to measure the affordability of beer in up to 92 countries from 1990 to 2016 (69 countries were included in 1990, however the survey has since grown to include 92 countries). In addition to affordability, we also investigate trends in the price of beer.
resultsWhile beer is, on average, similarly priced in high-income (HICs) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), it is significantly more affordable in HICs. There is significant variation in both price and affordability in HICs and in LMICs. Beer has become cheaper in real terms in 49% (18/37) of HICs and 43% (20/46) of LMICs. Beer became more affordable in most HICs (RIP: 30/37 or 81%) and LMICs (RIP: 42/44 or 95%).
conclusionsThe increased affordability over time of beer in most countries raises concerns about public health. Governments need to increase taxes on beer so that it becomes less affordable over time, in an effort to improve public health.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.