ArticleOphthalmology. Retina2018
Serum Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Levels in the IVAN Trial; Relationships with Drug, Dosing, and Systemic Serious Adverse Events.
Article in Ophthalmology. Retina, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of intravitreal VEGF inhibitors on cardiorenal outcomes.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2023Pooled it
- Plasma Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Concentrations after Intravitreous Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy for Diabetic Macular Edema.Ophthalmology · 2018Trial
- Intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor systemic and renal toxicity registry.Clinical kidney journal · 2025Article
- Effect of intravitreal injection of anti-interleukin (IL)-6 antibody in experimental autoimmune uveitis in mice.Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection · 2024Article
- Case report: heart failure related to intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2024Article
- Ocular and systemic vascular endothelial growth factor ligand inhibitor use and nephrotoxicity: an update.International urology and nephrology · 2024Review
- Severe Guillain-Barre syndrome induced by intravitreal injection of ranibizumab for branch retinal vein occlusion: a case report.AME case reports · 2024Article
- Risk analysis for patients with arterial thromboembolic events after intravitreal ranibizumab or aflibercept injections.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Article
- Systemic exposure following intravitreal administration of therapeutic agents: an integrated pharmacokinetic approach. 2. THR-687.Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics · 2021Article
- Review of intravitreal VEGF inhibitor toxicity and report of collapsing FSGS with TMA in a patient with age-related macular degeneration.Clinical kidney journal · 2021Article
- Human Platelets Take up Anti-VEGF Agents.Journal of ophthalmology · 2021Article
- Worsening proteinuria and renal function after intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor blockade for diabetic proliferative retinopathy.Clinical kidney journal · 2020Review
- The long-term effects of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy on the optical coherence tomography angiographic appearance of neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2020Article
- The association between intravitreal ranibizumab therapy and serum cytokine concentrations in patients with diabetic macular edema.Molecular vision · 2020Article
- Thrombotic Microangiopathy and Acute Kidney Injury Induced After Intravitreal Injection of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Inhibitors VEGF Blockade-Related TMA After Intravitreal Use.Frontiers in medicine · 2020Article
- Three patients with injection of intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors and subsequent exacerbation of chronic proteinuria and hypertension.Clinical kidney journal · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo describe serum vascular endothelial growth factor (sVEGF) in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) receiving anti-VEGF agents and associations between sVEGF and systemic serious adverse events (SSAEs).
designExploratory analyses of a randomized controlled trial that enrolled 610 participants with nAMD and compared 2 anti-VEGF antibodies, ranibizumab and bevacizumab, and 2 treatment regimens, monthly vs. discontinuous, with 2 years' follow-up.
participantsAdults aged 50+ years with treatment-naïve nAMD and a visual acuity of ≥25 letters (Snellen equivalent 20/320) in the affected eye.
methodsIntravitreal injection of anti-VEGF antibodies.
main outcome measuressVEGF and occurrence of SSAE, with particular interest in arteriothromboembolic events (ATE) and immunologically mediated events (IME).
resultsOn average, sVEGF (measured at months 0, 1, 11, 12, 23, and 24) decreased from a geometric mean of 168 pg/mL at baseline to 64 pg/mL at month 24. The decrease was greater with bevacizumab than with ranibizumab and was dependent on time since last treatment; at month 24 sVEGF was 11% lower with bevacizumab if treated ≥3 months previously, 51% lower if treated 2 months previously, and 76% lower if treated the previous month, compared with ranibizumab. The hazard of experiencing an ATE increased with age (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.01; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.32-3.05;
conclusionsThe decrease in sVEGF is greater with bevacizumab than with ranibizumab, but this difference is eliminated when treatment is withheld for 3 months. Higher sVEGF increased the hazard of an ATE and bevacizumab increases the hazard of an IME compared with ranibizumab.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.