ArticleReproductive biomedicine & society online2018
A limited market: the recruitment of gay men as surrogacy clients by the infertility industry in the USA.
Article in Reproductive biomedicine & society online, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Navigating the gestational surrogacy seas: the legalities and complexities of gestational carrier services.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2024Review
- International gestational surrogacy in the United States, 2014-2020.Fertility and sterility · 2024Article
- Sexual and Reproductive Justice and Health Equity for LGBTQ+ Women.Journal of lesbian studies · 2024Review
- Inequities in Medically Assisted Reproduction: a Scoping Review.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2023Article
- Article
- Reprowebs: a conceptual approach to elasticity and change in the global assisted reproduction industry.BioSocieties · 2023Article
- Pathways to fatherhood: clinical experiences with assisted reproductive technology in single and coupled intended fathers.F&S reports · 2022Article
- Commercial Surrogacy: An Overview.Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia · 2022Review
- The ART clock: Temporal limits to assisted reproduction.Reproductive biomedicine & society online · 2022Article
- Cross-border reproductive care in the USA: Who comes, why do they come, what do they purchase?Reproductive biomedicine & society online · 2020Article
- HIV-, HBV-, and HCV-Related Information on U.S. Fertility Clinic Websites: A Content Analysis.Health equity · 2020Article
- Incidence of surrogacy in the USA and Israel and implications on women's health: a quantitative comparison.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2019Article
- Societal pressures and procreative preferences for gay fathers successfully pursuing parenthood through IVF and gestational carriers.Reproductive biomedicine & society online · 2019Article
- Procreative consciousness in a global market: gay men's paths to surrogacy in the USA.Reproductive biomedicine & society online · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gestational surrogacy via egg donation is an expensive - and sometimes ambivalently undertaken - but increasingly popular route to planned fatherhood for some gay men. The surrogacy market in the USA plays an important role for gay men with the financial resources to access these services, as it is currently the only stable, commercial market in which there are legal protections for openly gay men. While a small, ethnographic and qualitative literature on the experiences of gay fathers via surrogacy exists, less is known about the state of the surrogacy industry towards gay men as clients. Here I investigate the surrogacy industry in the USA to ask how welcome gay men are in this market. I do so via a content analysis of patient/client recruitment on infertility clinic and surrogacy agency websites. Content analysis of 547 websites indicates that the majority of infertility clinics (62%) and 42% of surrogacy agencies do not directly advertise or appear to be welcoming to gay men. A minority of gay-friendly clinics and agencies, which cluster geographically, actively recruit gay men, creating a limited but niche market. The unequal recruitment of gay men as infertility clients reflects how normative ideas about gender, sexuality and social class are reproduced in the infertility industry. This, in turn, may impact gay men's procreative consciousness and decision-making about parenting, and exacerbate inequalities around their access to intentional genetic parenthood.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.