ArticleBJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology2019
Maternal anaemia and maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes in a prospective cohort study in India and Pakistan.
Article in BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 67 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Intravenous Versus Oral Iron for Iron Deficiency Anaemia in Pregnant Nigerian Women (IVON): an Open Label, Randomized Controlled Trial
Prevention of Iron Deficiency Anemia Post-delivery (PRIORITY Trial): A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Global Network for Women's and Children's Health Research
Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 144 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of anemia in India: a systematic review, meta-analysis and geospatial analysis.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Daily oral iron supplementation during pregnancy.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Perceptions and experiences of the prevention, detection, and management of postpartum haemorrhage: a qualitative evidence synthesis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Hemostatic biomarkers associated with postpartum hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Blood advances · 2023Pooled it
- Maternal low and high hemoglobin concentrations and associations with adverse maternal and infant health outcomes: an updated global systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2023Pooled it
- Prenatal anemia and postpartum hemorrhage risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis.The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · 2021Pooled it
- Maternal Hookworm Infection and Its Effects on Maternal Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2020Pooled it
- Prepartum Anemia and Risk of Postpartum Hemorrhage: A Meta-Analysis and Brief Review.Clinical and applied thrombosis/hemostasis : official journal of the International Academy of Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/HemostasisPooled it
- Trial
- Use of Smokeless Tobacco Before Conception and Its Relationship With Maternal and Fetal Outcomes of Pregnancy in Thatta, Pakistan: Findings From Women First Study.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2021Trial
- Association of haemoglobin levels in the first trimester and at 26-30 weeks with fetal and neonatal outcomes: a secondary analysis of the Global Network for Women's and Children's Health's ASPIRIN Trial.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2021Trial
- Risk of stillbirth among pregnant women with anaemia in India: secondary analysis of multiple cohorts from the ICMR-SPIC consortium.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2026Article
- Article
- Association of maternal hemoglobin levels and chorioamnionitis with preterm birth and low birth weight: a cohort study.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2026Article
- Perioperative Anemia in Patients Planned for Cesarean Deliveries: A Quality Improvement Audit from a Private Tertiary Care Center of Pakistan.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Prevalence, risk factors, and adverse maternal and fetal outcomes of anemia during pregnancy: a retrospective study in China, 2012-2020.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of a Health Belief Model-Based Educational Intervention on Iron-Folic Acid Supplement Intake Among Pregnant Women in Southern Afghanistan: A Quasi-Experimental Study.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
- Article
- Understanding Anemia and Predictors of Adverse Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study in Southern Ethiopia.Maternal-fetal medicine (Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.) · 2025Article
- The impact of inadequate prenatal care on maternal anemia and pregnancy outcomes in Romania.Journal of medicine and life · 2025Article
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 8 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo describe the association of maternal anaemia with maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes.
designProspective cohort study.
settingRural India and Pakistan. POPULATION: Pregnant women residing in the study catchment area.
methodsWe performed an analysis of a prospective pregnancy registry in which haemoglobin is commonly obtained as well as maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes for 42 days post-delivery. Women 40 years or older who delivered before 20 weeks or had a haemoglobin level of <3.0 g/dl were excluded. Our primary exposure was maternal anaemia, which was categorised in keeping with World Health Organization criteria based on a normal (≥11 g/dl), mild (>10-10.9 g/dl), moderate (7-9.9 g/dl) or severe (<7 g/dl). haemoglobin level. The primary maternal outcome was maternal death, the primary fetal outcome was stillbirth, and the primary neonatal outcome was neonatal mortality <28 days.
resultsA total of 92 247 deliveries and 93 107 infants were included, of which 87.8% were born to mothers who were anaemic (mild 37.9%, moderate 49.1%, and severe 0.7%). Maternal mortality (number per 100 000) was not associated with anaemia: normal 124, mild 106, moderate 135, and severe 325 (P = 0.64). Fetal and neonatal mortality was associated with severe anaemia: stillbirth rate (n/1000)-normal 27.7, mild 25.8, moderate 30.1, and severe 90.9; P < 0.0001; 28-day neonatal mortality (n/1000)-normal 24.7, mild 22.9, moderate 28.1, and severe 72.6 (P < 0.0001). Severe maternal anaemia was also associated with low birthweight (<2500 and <1500 g), preterm birth, and postpartum haemorrhage.
conclusionSevere maternal anaemia is associated with higher risks of poor maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes but other degrees of anaemia are not. Interventions directed at preventing severe anaemia in pregnant women should be considered. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: Severe maternal anaemia is associated with adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes in low/middle-income countries.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.