Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30554161›Full record

ArticleTobacco control2020

Impact of India's National Tobacco Control Programme on bidi and cigarette consumption: a difference-in-differences analysis.

Gaurang P Nazar, Kiara C-M Chang, Swati Srivastava, Neil Pearce, Anup Karan, Christopher Millett

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Tobacco control, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.6field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.

Gaurang P NazarHealth Promotion Division, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India.ORCID 0000-0002-7025-2946
Kiara C-M ChangPublic Health Policy Evaluation Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Swati SrivastavaDepartment of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA.
Neil PearceDepartment of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, UK.
Anup KaranIndian Institute of Public Health, Delhi (IIPHD), Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India.
Christopher MillettHealth Promotion Division, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India.
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine · GBImperial College London · GBInstitute of Public Health Bengaluru · INJohns Hopkins University · USUniversidade de São Paulo · BR

Funding

Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDespite the importance of decreasing tobacco use to achieve mortality reduction targets of the Sustainable Development Goals in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), evaluations of tobacco control programmes in these settings are scarce. We assessed the impacts of India's National Tobacco Control Programme (NTCP), as implemented in 42 districts during 2007-2009, on household-reported consumption of bidis and cigarettes.

methodsSecondary analysis of cross-sectional data from nationally representative Household Consumer Expenditure Surveys (1999-2000; 2004-2005 and 2011-2012). Outcomes were: any bidi/cigarette consumption in the household and monthly consumption of bidi/cigarette sticks per person. A difference-in-differences two-part model was used to compare changes in bidi/cigarette consumption between NTCP intervention and control districts, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and time-based heterogeneity.

findingsThere was an overall decline in household-reported bidi and cigarette consumption between 1999-2000 and 2011-2012. However, compared with control districts, NTCP districts had no significantly different reductions in the proportions of households reporting bidi (adjusted OR (AOR): 1.03, 95% CI: 0.84 to 1.28) or cigarette (AOR: 1.01 to 95% CI: 0.82 to 1.26) consumption, or for the monthly per person consumption of bidi (adjusted coefficient: 0.07, 95% CI: -0.13 to 0.28) or cigarette (adjusted coefficient: -0.002, 95% CI: -0.26 to 0.26) sticks among bidi/cigarette consuming households.

interpretationOur findings indicate that early implementation of the NTCP may not have produced reductions in tobacco use reflecting generally poor performance against the Framework Convention for Tobacco Control objectives in India. This study highlights the importance of strengthening the implementation and enforcement of tobacco control policies in LMICs to achieve national and international child health and premature NCD mortality reduction targets.

Indexed as

Program EvaluationConsumer BehaviorFamily CharacteristicsHumansIndiaSurveys and QuestionnairesTobacco ProductsTobacco Usecessationharm reductionlow/middle income countrynon-cigarette tobacco productspublic policy

Identifiers

PMID30554161
PMCPMC6952846
OpenAlexW2905058960

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.