ArticlePhotodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy2019
Improving in vitro photodynamic therapy through the development of a novel iron chelating aminolaevulinic acid prodrug.
Article in Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Discovery of ALA-hydroxypyridinone hybrids: novel strategies for photodynamic therapy against superficial tumours.Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Emerging uses of 5-aminolevulinic-acid-induced protoporphyrin IX in medicine: a review of multifaceted, ubiquitous, molecular diagnostic, therapeutic, and theranostic opportunities.Journal of biomedical optics · 2025Review
- [ACS omega · 2025Article
- Photosensitized Oxidative Damage from a New Perspective: The Influence of Before-Light and After-Light Reaction Conditions.The Journal of organic chemistry · 2024Review
- 5-Aminolevulinic Acid as a Theranostic Agent for Tumor Fluorescence Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- A Thiosemicarbazone Derivative as a Booster in Photodynamic Therapy-A Way to Improve the Therapeutic Effect.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Experimental investigation of a combinational iron chelating protoporphyrin IX prodrug for fluorescence detection and photodynamic therapy.Lasers in medical science · 2022Article
- Methods to Measure the Inhibition of ABCG2 Transporter and Ferrochelatase Activity to Enhance Aminolevulinic Acid-Protoporphyrin IX Fluorescence-Guided Tumor Detection and Resection.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022Article
- Photodynamic Therapy for Basal Cell Carcinoma: The Clinical Context for Future Research Priorities.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Probing Hexaminolevulinate Mediated PpIX Fluorescence in Cancer Cell Suspensions in the Presence of Chemical Adjuvants.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- In order for the light to shine so brightly, the darkness must be present-why do cancers fluoresce with 5-aminolaevulinic acid?British journal of cancer · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a light activated drug therapy that can be used to treat a number of cancers and precancers. It is particularly useful in its topical form in dermatology but improvement of efficacy is required to widen its application.
methodsAn ester between aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) and CP94 was synthesised (AP2-18) and experimentally evaluated to determine whether protoporphyrin IX (PpIX)-induced PDT effectiveness could be improved. A biological evaluation of AP2-18 was conducted in cultured human primary cells with both PpIX fluorescence and cell viability (as determined via the neutral red assay) being assessed in comparison to the PpIX prodrugs normally utilised in clinical practice (aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) or its methyl ester (MAL)) either administered alone or with the comparator iron chelator, CP94.
resultsNo significant dark toxicity was observed in human lung fibroblasts but AP2-18 significantly increased PpIX accumulation above and beyond that achieved with ALA or MAL administration +/- CP94 in both human dermal fibroblasts and epithelial squamous carcinoma cells. On light exposure, the combined hydroxypyridinone iron chelating ALA prodrug AP2-18 generated significantly greater cytotoxicity than any of the other treatment parameters investigated when the lowest concentration (250 μM) was employed.
conclusionsNewly synthesised AP2-18 is therefore concluded to be an efficacious prodrug for PpIX-induced PDT in these dermatologically relevant human cells, achieving enhanced effects at lower concentrations than currently possible with existing pharmaceuticals.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.