ReviewMolecular metabolism2019
6-Phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 and 4: A pair of valves for fine-tuning of glucose metabolism in human cancer.
Review in Molecular metabolism, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 107 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
107 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 188 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine overcoming of radiotherapy resistance in breast cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Pooled it
- Prognostic value of glycolysis markers in pancreatic cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Research progress in metabolic reprogramming and targeting metabolic pathways for clear cell renal cell carcinoma.Genes & diseases · 2026Review
- WDR12 Promotes Glucose Metabolism via PFKFB4 Upregulation in Gastric Cancer.Cancer science · 2026Article
- The PI3K/AKT signaling networks in cancer glucose metabolism: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Translational oncology · 2026Review
- Epstein-Barr Virus Latent Membrane Protein 1 Suppresses Ferroptosis via Pentose Phosphate Pathway and Glutathione Metabolism.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Profile and diagnostic value of N6-methyladenosine-related mRNA regulators in colorectal adenoma and colorectal cancer.BMC gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Targeting metabolic reprogramming to enhance adoptive immunotherapy: emerging mechanisms and translational perspectives.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Review
- Glucose Metabolic Enzyme PFKFB3 in Cardiopulmonary Vascular Health and Disease.Circulation research · 2026Review
- Distinct signaling mechanisms and proteome phenotypes are elicited by compartment-specific genetic defects of copper homeostasis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Intermittent AP-1 activation in muscles contributes to exercise-induced health benefits.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Targeting phosphofructokinase in cancer: integrating natural products for metabolic reprogramming and therapeutic innovation.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Targeting phosphofructokinase 2 the isoform PFKFB4 suppresses glioblastoma proliferation and malignancy.Genes & genomics · 2025Article
- A novel protein cPFKFB4 encoded by hsa_circ_0065394 strengthens PKM2-mediated glucose metabolic reprogramming to facilitate pancreatic cancer progression under hypoxia.Molecular cancer · 2025Article
- Deciphering enemy tactics - the narrow path to an optimal anti-cancer strategy targeting the Warburg effect.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2025Review
- PFKFB3 Promotes Myofibroblast Differentiation and Cardiac Fibrosis Through its Intra- and Extra- Cellular Roles.Journal of cardiovascular translational research · 2025Article
- PFKFB3-Mediated Glycolytic Metabolic Reprogramming Regulates Inflammatory Response in Dry Eye Disease.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Stemness-hypoxia genesTranslational cancer research · 2025Article
- Glycolytic control proteins in urinary extracellular vesicles are elevated during kidney transplant T cell-mediated rejection.BMC nephrology · 2025Observational
47 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCancer cells favor the use of less efficient glycolysis rather than mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to metabolize glucose, even in oxygen-rich conditions, a distinct metabolic alteration named the Warburg effect or aerobic glycolysis. In adult cells, bifunctional 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2, 6-bisphosphatase (PFKFB) family members are responsible for controlling the steady-state cytoplasmic levels of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate, which allosterically activates 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase, the key enzyme catalyzing the rate-limiting reaction of glycolysis. PFKFB3 and PFKFB4 are the two main isoenzymes overexpressed in various human cancers. SCOPE OF REVIEW: In this review, we summarize recent findings on the glycolytic and extraglycolytic roles of PFKFB3 and PFKFB4 in cancer progression and discuss potential therapies for targeting of PFKFB3 and PFKFB4. MAJOR
conclusionsPFKFB3 has the highest kinase activity to shunt glucose toward glycolysis, whereas PFKFB4 has more FBPase-2 activity, redirecting glucose toward the pentose phosphate pathway, providing reducing power for lipid biosynthesis and scavenging reactive oxygen species. Co-expression of PFKFB3 and PFKFB4 provides sufficient glucose metabolism to satisfy the bioenergetics demand and redox homeostasis requirements of cancer cells. Various reversible post-translational modifications of PFKFB3 enable cancer cells to flexibly adapt glucose metabolism in response to diverse stress conditions. In addition to playing important roles in tumor cell glucose metabolism, PFKFB3 and PFKFB4 are widely involved in multiple biological processes, such as cell cycle regulation, autophagy, and transcriptional regulation in a non-glycolysis-dependent manner.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.