Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30552975›Full record

ReviewProgress in retinal and eye research2019

Immune cells in the retina and choroid: Two different tissue environments that require different defenses and surveillance.

Paul G McMenamin, Daniel R Saban, Samantha J Dando

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Progress in retinal and eye research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
81citing papers in PubMed
4.1field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

81 citing papers in PubMed, 110 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  5. Microglial polarization in retinal neovascularization: Friend or foe?Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2026
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21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Paul G McMenaminDepartment of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. Electronic address: paul.mcmenamin@monash.edu.
Daniel R SabanDepartment of Ophthalmology, Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
Samantha J DandoDepartment of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
Monash University · AUDuke University · US

Funding

Defining the Immune Cell Roles in Meibomian Gland Dysfunction in the Context of Ocular Surface Immune DiseasesR01EY021798 · NEI · SCHEPENS EYE RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI SABAN, DANIEL RAPHAEL · 2012 to 2025
$5.3M
NEI NIH HHS R01 EY021798
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In the eye immune defenses must take place in a plethora of differing microenvironments ranging from the corneal and conjunctival epithelia facing the external environment to the pigmented connective tissue of the uveal tract containing smooth muscle, blood vessels and peripheral nerves to the innermost and highly protected neural retina. The extravascular environment of the neural retina, like the brain parenchyma, is stringently controlled to maintain conditions required for neural transmission. The unique physiological nature of the neural retina can be attributed to the blood retinal barriers (BRB) of the retinal vasculature and the retinal pigment epithelium, which both tightly regulate the transport of small molecules and restrict passage of cells and macromolecules from the circulation into the retina in a similar fashion to the blood brain barrier (BBB). The extracellular environment of the neural retina differs markedly from that of the highly vascular, loose connective tissue of the choroid, which lies outside the BRB. The choroid hosts a variety of immune cell types, including macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs) and mast cells. This is in marked contrast to the neural parenchyma of the retina, which is populated almost solely by microglia. This review will describe the current understanding of the distribution, phenotype and physiological role of ocular immune cells behind or inside the blood-retinal barriers and those in closely juxtaposed tissues outside the barrier. The nature and function of these immune cells can profoundly influence retinal homeostasis and lead to disordered immune function that can lead to vision loss.

Indexed as

AnimalsBiological TransportBlood-Retinal BarrierChoroidHumansImmune SystemMicrogliaRetinaRetinal VesselsAge-related macular degenerationDendritic cellsMacrophagesMast cellsMicrogliaRetinal degenerationRetinitis pigmentosa

Identifiers

PMID30552975
PMCPMC7321801
OpenAlexW2904065011

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.