ArticleMycotoxin research2019
In vitro characterization of hepatic toxicity of Alternaria toxins.
Article in Mycotoxin research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Occurrence, toxicity, dietary exposure, and management of Alternaria mycotoxins in food and feed: A systematic literature review.Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2025Pooled it
- Immunomodulatory potential of Alternaria mycotoxins on immune and intestinal cells: a comparative systematic in vitro study.Archives of toxicology · 2026Article
- Detection of Fungal Translocation in Patients With Alcohol Use Disorder Using a Real-Time PCR Assay.APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica · 2026Article
- Article
- Cladosporium cladosporioides, endophyte of Strelitzia nicolai, as a new producer of Alternariol monomethyl ether with a potential cytotoxic activity.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- From Food to Humans: The Toxicological Effects ofJournal of xenobiotics · 2025Review
- Mechanisms of altitude-driven mycotoxin variation in stored wheat: a metabolomic and transcriptomic approach.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Discovery of the Alternaria mycotoxins alterperylenol and altertoxin I as novel immunosuppressive and antiestrogenic compounds in vitro.Archives of toxicology · 2025Article
- Rats exposed to Alternaria toxins in vivo exhibit altered liver activity highlighted by disruptions in riboflavin and acylcarnitine metabolism.Archives of toxicology · 2024Article
- Unraveling Interspecies Differences in the Phase I Hepatic Metabolism of Alternariol and Alternariol Monomethyl Ether: Closing Data Gaps for a Comprehensive Risk Assessment.Chemical research in toxicology · 2024Article
- Effects of essential oil of Origanum onites and its major component carvacrol on the expression of toxicity pathway genes in HepG2 cells.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2024Article
- Hazard characterization of Alternaria toxins to identify data gaps and improve risk assessment for human health.Archives of toxicology · 2024Review
- Natural resorcylic lactones derived from alternariol.Beilstein journal of organic chemistry · 2024Review
- Genotoxic and Mutagenic Effects of theToxins · 2023Article
- Article
- Preventive role of cinnamaldehyde against tenuazonic acid- and Freund's adjuvant-induced histopathological and biochemical alterations in the mouse model.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Synthesis of Cyclotetrapeptides Analogues to Natural Products as Herbicides.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Cytotoxic Effects of Alternariol, Alternariol Monomethyl-Ether, and Tenuazonic Acid and Their Relevant Combined Mixtures on Human Enterocytes and Hepatocytes.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Entomotoxic Activity of the Extracts from the Fungus,Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Presence of Mycotoxins in Milk Thistle (Toxins · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Alternaria mycotoxins are secondary fungal metabolites which can contaminate food and feed. They are produced by Alternaria species with alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), tenuazonic acid (TeA), and tentoxin (TEN) as the main representatives for Alternaria mycotoxins in food. Once passing the intestinal barrier, Alternaria toxins can reach the liver to exert yet uncharacterized molecular effects. Therefore, hepatic in vitro systems were used to examine selected Alternaria mycotoxins for their induction of metabolism-dependent cytotoxicity, phosphorylation of the histone H2AX as a surrogate marker for DNA double-strand breaks, and relevant marker genes for hepatotoxicity. Analysis of cell viability as well as the induction of H2AX phosphorylation in the hepatocarcinoma cell line HepG2 revealed a detoxification of 100 μmol/l AME and AOH by pre-treatment with S9 liver homogenate as shown by a decrease in cytotoxicity and H2AX histone phosphorylation to levels observed in control cells. Concentrations up to 100 μmol/l TeA and TEN did not induce H2AX phosphorylation whether metabolized or not. In the metabolically competent human hepatoma cell line HepaRG, no cytotoxicity of Alternaria toxins occurred even at high concentrations up to 100 μmol/l, which indicates a low cytotoxic potential. Induction of gene expression associated with liver toxicity was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR using a specific hepatotoxicity PCR array in HepaRG cells: here, an evidence was found that 50 μmol/l of AOH, AME, TeA, and TEN might be associated with hepatotoxic effects, necrosis, and the development of diseases like cholestasis and phospholipidosis.
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Registered trials
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