ArticleScientific reports2018
Avian Toll-like receptor allelic diversity far exceeds human polymorphism: an insight from domestic chicken breeds.
Article in Scientific reports, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Predictors of Protein Evolution in the drosophilid Immune System.Genome biology and evolution · 2026Article
- The characterization of toll-like receptor repertoire inEcology and evolution · 2023Article
- Poultry gut health and beyond.Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui) · 2023Article
- Understanding the evolution of immune genes in jawed vertebrates.Journal of evolutionary biology · 2023Review
- Selection Balancing at Innate Immune Genes: Adaptive Polymorphism Maintenance in Toll-Like Receptors.Molecular biology and evolution · 2022Review
- Evolution of RNA sensing receptors in birds.Immunogenetics · 2022Review
- Adaptation and Cryptic Pseudogenization in Penguin Toll-Like Receptors.Molecular biology and evolution · 2022Article
- Host-pathogen protein-nucleic acid interactions: A comprehensive review.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2022Review
- Review: β-glucans as Effective Antibiotic Alternatives in Poultry.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the expression of toll-like receptors in Betong chickens.Veterinary world · 2020Article
- Evidence of Pathogen-Induced Immunogenetic Selection across the Large Geographic Range of a Wild Seabird.Molecular biology and evolution · 2020Article
- Article
- Analysis of the Progeny of Sibling Matings Reveals Regulatory Variation Impacting the Transcriptome of Immune Cells in Commercial Chickens.Frontiers in genetics · 2019Article
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7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Immune genes show remarkable levels of adaptive variation shaped by pathogen-mediated selection. Compared to humans, however, population polymorphism in animals has been understudied. To provide an insight into immunogenetic diversity in birds, we sequenced complete protein-coding regions of all Toll-like receptor (TLR) genes with direct orthology between mammals and birds (TLR3, TLR4, TLR5 and TLR7) in 110 domestic chickens from 25 breeds and compared their variability with a corresponding human dataset. Chicken TLRs (chTLRs) exhibit on average nine-times higher nucleotide diversity than human TLRs (hTLRs). Increased potentially functional non-synonymous variability is found in chTLR ligand-binding ectodomains. While we identified seven sites in chTLRs under positive selection and found evidence for convergence between alleles, no selection or convergence was detected in hTLRs. Up to six-times more alleles were identified in fowl (70 chTLR4 alleles vs. 11 hTLR4 alleles). In chTLRs, high numbers of alleles are shared between the breeds and the allelic frequencies are more equal than in hTLRs. These differences may have an important impact on infectious disease resistance and host-parasite co-evolution. Though adaptation through high genetic variation is typical for acquired immunity (e.g. MHC), our results show striking levels of intraspecific polymorphism also in poultry innate immune receptors.
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