ArticleBMJ open2018
Ten-year trends in traumatic brain injury: a retrospective cohort study of California emergency department and hospital revisits and readmissions.
Article in BMJ open, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Systematic search and review of racial and ethnic differences in traumatic brain injury prevalence and incidence.Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention · 2026Pooled it
- Epidemiology and centralization of pediatric traumatic brain injury care in Lombardy, Italy: An 11-year regional population-based study.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Hospital Readmission After Traumatic Brain Injury Hospitalization in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- Hospital mortality, withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy decisions and early secondary brain insults for critically ill traumatic brain injury patients in England, Wales and Northern Ireland (2009-2024): an observational cohort study.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Article
- Subsequent Emergency Department Visits in Geriatric Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Relationship with Fall, Payor, and Discharge Outcome.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Social determinants and follow-up care after emergency department discharge for traumatic intracranial hemorrhage.Heliyon · 2025Article
- Mortality trends of traumatic brain injuries in the adult population of the United States: a CDC WONDER analysis from 1999 to 2020.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Early Discharge versus 6-hour Observation in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury with Normal Brain CT Scan; a Comparative Pilot study of Outcomes.Archives of academic emergency medicine · 2024Article
- Care patterns and predictors of community residence among older patients after hospital discharge for traumatic brain injury.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2023Article
- Building an understanding of Ethnic minority people's Service Use Relating to Emergency care for injuries: the BE SURE study protocol.BMJ open · 2023Article
- Process improvement using telemedicine consultation to prevent unnecessary interfacility transfers for low-severity blunt head trauma.BMJ open quality · 2023Article
- Significant National Declines in Neurosurgical Intervention for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury with Intracranial Hemorrhage: A 13-Year Review of the National Trauma Data Bank.Neurotrauma reports · 2023Article
- Characteristics and therapeutic profile of TBI patients who underwent bilateral decompressive craniectomy: experience with 151 cases.Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine · 2022Article
- Exploring Age and Sex Patterns for Rehabilitation Referrals After a Concussion: A Retrospective Analysis.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation · 2022Article
- Article
- Head injury and 25-year risk of dementia.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2021Article
- Interrupted time series design to evaluate ICD-9-CM to ICD-10-CM coding changes on trends in Colorado emergency department visits related to traumatic brain injury.Injury epidemiology · 2021Article
- Role of Circular Ribonucleic Acids in the Treatment of Traumatic Brain and Spinal Cord Injury.Molecular neurobiology · 2020Review
- Clinical Predictors of 3- and 6-Month Outcome for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Patients with a Negative Head CT Scan in the Emergency Department: A TRACK-TBI Pilot Study.Brain sciences · 2020Article
- Readmissions after nonoperative trauma: Increased mortality and costs with delayed intervention.The journal of trauma and acute care surgery · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo describe visits and visit rates of adults presenting to emergency departments (EDs) with a diagnosis of traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI is a major cause of death and disability in the USA; yet, current literature is limited because few studies examine longer-term ED revisits and hospital readmission patterns of TBI patients across a broad spectrum of injury severity, which can help inform potential unmet healthcare needs.
designWe performed a retrospective cohort study.
settingWe analysed non-public patient-level data from California's Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development for years 2005 to 2014.
participantsWe identified 1.2 million adult patients aged ≥18 years presenting to California EDs and hospitals with an index diagnosis of TBI. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Our main outcomes included revisits, readmissions and mortality over time. We also examined demographics, mechanism and severity of injury and disposition at discharge.
resultsWe found a 57.7% increase in the number of TBI ED visits, representing a 40.5% increase in TBI visit rates over the 10-year period (346-487 per 100 000 residents). During this time, there was also a 33.8% decrease in the proportion of patients admitted to the hospital. Older, publicly insured and black populations had the highest visit rates, and falls were the most common mechanism of injury (45.5% of visits). Of all patients with an index TBI visit, 40.5% of them had a revisit during the first year, with 46.7% of them seeking care at a different hospital from their initial hospital or ED visit. Additionally, of revisits within the first year, 13.4% of them resulted in hospital readmission.
conclusionsThe large proportion of patients with TBI who are discharged directly from the ED, along with the high rates of revisits and readmissions, suggest a role for an established system for follow-up, treatment and care of TBI.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.