ArticleToxins2018
Biosynthetic Oligoclonal Antivenom (BOA) for Snakebite and Next-Generation Treatments for Snakebite Victims.
Article in Toxins, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
- Engineering Antivenom: Research Progress and Future Directions in Snakebite Envenoming Therapy.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2026Review
- A Paradigm Shift in Snakebite Envenoming Therapy: From Conventional Antivenoms to Rationally Designed, Broadly Neutralizing Combination Therapies.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2026Review
- Snake Venom Protease Detection and Inhibition in Serum.ChemMedChem · 2026Article
- The unmet need for the mitigation of snakebite envenoming in India: a one health perspective.Tropical medicine and health · 2026Review
- Enhancing Deinagkistrodon acutus antivenom potency through acutolysin A-targeted antibody supplementation.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Discovery of broadly neutralizing VmAbs · 2025Article
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- Single-Batch Expression of an Experimental Recombinant Snakebite Antivenom Based on an Oligoclonal Mixture of Human Monoclonal Antibodies.Biotechnology journal · 2024Article
- In vivo neutralization of coral snake venoms with an oligoclonal nanobody mixture in a murine challenge model.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Dermonecrosis caused by a spitting cobra snakebite results from toxin potentiation and is prevented by the repurposed drug varespladib.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Synthetic development of a broadly neutralizing antibody against snake venom long-chain α-neurotoxins.Science translational medicine · 2024Article
- Review
- Differential effects of the venoms of Russell's viper and Indian cobra on human myoblasts.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Repurposed drugs and their combinations prevent morbidity-inducing dermonecrosis caused by diverse cytotoxic snake venoms.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Towards better antivenoms: navigating the road to new types of snakebite envenoming therapies.The journal of venomous animals and toxins including tropical diseases · 2023Article
- From squid giant axon to automated patch-clamp: electrophysiology in venom and antivenom research.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
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Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Snakebite envenoming is a neglected tropical disease that each year claims the lives of 80,000⁻140,000 victims worldwide. The only effective treatment against envenoming involves intravenous administration of antivenoms that comprise antibodies that have been isolated from the plasma of immunized animals, typically horses. The drawbacks of such conventional horse-derived antivenoms include their propensity for causing allergenic adverse reactions due to their heterologous and foreign nature, an inability to effectively neutralize toxins in distal tissue, a low content of toxin-neutralizing antibodies, and a complex manufacturing process that is dependent on husbandry and procurement of snake venoms. In recent years, an opportunity to develop a fundamentally novel type of antivenom has presented itself. By using modern antibody discovery strategies, such as phage display selection, and repurposing small molecule enzyme inhibitors, next-generation antivenoms that obviate the drawbacks of existing plasma-derived antivenoms could be developed. This article describes the conceptualization of a novel therapeutic development strategy for biosynthetic oligoclonal antivenom (BOA) for snakebites based on recombinantly expressed oligoclonal mixtures of human monoclonal antibodies, possibly combined with repurposed small molecule enzyme inhibitors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.