ArticleNucleic acids research2019
Functionality and cross-regulation of the four SprG/SprF type I toxin-antitoxin systems in Staphylococcus aureus.
Article in Nucleic acids research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Discovery ofmBio · 2026Article
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- Membrane selectivity and pore formation of SprA1 and SprA2 hemolytic peptides from Staphylococcus aureus type I toxin-antitoxin systems.The FEBS journal · 2025Article
- Insight into the environmental cues modulating the expression of bacterial toxin-antitoxin systems.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Small regulatory RNA RSaX28 promotes virulence by reinforcing the stability of RNAIII in community-associated ST398 clonotypeEmerging microbes & infections · 2024Article
- Small proteins in Gram-positive bacteria.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2023Article
- Mechanism of action ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Thirty Years of sRNA-Mediated Regulation inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
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- RNA antitoxin SprF1 binds ribosomes to attenuate translation and promote persister cell formation in Staphylococcus aureus.Nature microbiology · 2021Article
- Are Bacterial Persisters Dormant Cells Only?Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
- RNA Regulated Toxin-Antitoxin Systems in Pathogenic Bacteria.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- A peptide of a type I toxin-antitoxin system inducesProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
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- Type I Toxin-Antitoxin Systems in Clostridia.Toxins · 2019Review
- A novel Staphylococcus aureus cis-trans type I toxin-antitoxin module with dual effects on bacteria and host cells.Nucleic acids research · 2019Article
- Prevalence of Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance Determinants and Virulence-Related Genetic Elements in Plasmids ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are ubiquitous among bacteria, frequently expressed in multiple copies, and important for functions such as antibiotic resistance and persistence. Type I TA systems are composed of a stable toxic peptide whose expression is repressed by an unstable RNA antitoxin. Here, we investigated the functionalities, regulation, and possible cross-talk between three core genome copies of the pathogenicity island-encoded 'sprG1/sprF1' type I TA system in the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. Except for SprG4, all RNA from these pairs, sprG2/sprF2, sprG3/sprF3, sprG4/sprF4, are expressed in the HG003 strain. SprG2 and SprG3 RNAs encode toxic peptides whose overexpression triggers bacteriostasis, which is counteracted at the RNA level by the overexpression of SprF2 and SprF3 antitoxins. Complex formation between each toxin and its cognate antitoxin involves their overlapping 3' ends, and each SprF antitoxin specifically neutralizes the toxicity of its cognate SprG toxin without cross-talk. However, overexpression studies suggest cross-regulations occur at the RNA level between the SprG/SprF TA systems during growth. When subjected to H2O2-induced oxidative stress, almost all antitoxin levels dropped, while only SprG1 and SprF1 were reduced during phagocytosis-induced oxidative stress. SprG1, SprF1, SprF2, SprG3 and SprF3 levels also decrease during hyperosmotic stress. This suggests that novel SprG/SprF TA systems are involved in S. aureus persistence.
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