ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2018
Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol Differentially Regulate Intraocular Pressure.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cannabis use and the risk of primary open-angle glaucoma: a Mendelian randomization study.Scientific reports · 2023Pooled it
- Influence of Cannabidiol Use on Visual Function and Optical Quality: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Trial
- Short-Term Daily Oral Administration of Cannabidiol Does Not Impact Rebound Tonometry Intraocular Pressure or Schirmer Tear Test Values in Healthy Adult Horses.Veterinary ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Sex differences in plasma endocannabinoids and related lipids before and after single and repeated mTBI: an exploratory study of endolipid plasma biomarkers.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026Article
- An assessment of the prevalence of cannabis use in eye clinic patients and its implications on glaucoma diagnosis and management.International ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Sex Differences in Plasma Levels of Endocannabinoids and Related Lipids Before and After acute and repeated mTBI: an exploratory study for plasma biomarkers for mTBI.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Integrating neuroprotection, antioxidative effects, and precision medicine in glaucoma management with bioactive compounds.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2025Review
- Cannabinoids as Multitarget Drugs for the Treatment of Autoimmunity in Glaucoma.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2025Review
- Effect of orally administered cannabidiol oil on daily tonometric curve in healthy Italian Saddle horses.PloS one · 2025Article
- Adult male-specific inverse association between dry eye disease and intraocular pressure: KNHANES 2010-2012.PloS one · 2025Article
- Cannabinoids: Role in Neurological Diseases and Psychiatric Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- A Sex-Dependent Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor Role in Circadian Tearing of the Mouse.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Evidence of Cannabidiol Effectiveness Associated or Not with Tetrahydrocannabinol in Topical Administration: A Scope Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Adverse Ocular Impact and Emerging Therapeutic Potential of Cannabis and Cannabinoids: A Narrative Review.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Review
- Phytocannabinoids Reduce Seizures in Larval Zebrafish and Affect Endocannabinoid Gene Expression.Biomolecules · 2023Article
- Therapeutic Potential of Cannabinoids in Glaucoma.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Cannabinoid-Based Ocular Therapies and Formulations.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Cannabidiol Loaded Topical Ophthalmic Nanoemulsion Lowers Intraocular Pressure in Normotensive Dutch-Belted Rabbits.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- The Effects of Cannabidiol on Aqueous Humor Outflow and Trabecular Meshwork Cell Signaling.Cells · 2022Article
- Cannabinoid CB1 receptors regulate salivation.Scientific reports · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Purpose: It has been known for nearly 50 years that cannabis and the psychoactive constituent Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) reduce intraocular pressure (IOP). Elevated IOP remains the chief hallmark and therapeutic target for glaucoma, a major cause of blindness. THC likely acts via one of the known cannabinoid-related receptors (CB1, CB2, GPR18, GPR119, GPR55) but this has never been determined explicitly. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a second major constituent of cannabis that has been found to be without effect on IOP in most studies. Methods: Effects of topically applied THC and CBD were tested in living mice by using tonometry and measurements of mRNA levels. In addition the lipidomic consequences of CBD treatment were tested by using lipid analysis. Results: We now report that a single topical application of THC lowered IOP substantially (∼28%) for 8 hours in male mice. This effect is due to combined activation of CB1 and GPR18 receptors each of which has been shown to lower ocular pressure when activated. We also found that the effect was sex-dependent, being stronger in male mice, and that mRNA levels of CB1 and GPR18 were higher in males. Far from inactive, CBD was found to have two opposing effects on ocular pressure, one of which involved antagonism of tonic signaling. CBD prevents THC from lowering ocular pressure. Conclusions: We conclude that THC lowers IOP by activating two receptors-CB1 and GPR18-but in a sex-dependent manner. CBD, contrary to expectation, has two opposing effects on IOP and can interfere with the effects of THC.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.