ArticleSurgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA2019
3D printing anatomical models of head bones.
Article in Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- 3D printing as a pedagogical tool for teaching normal human anatomy: a systematic review.BMC medical education · 2023Pooled it
- Current 3D Printing Technologies and their Potential Applications in Drug Delivery, Personalized Medicine & Pharmaceutical Sciences.Current drug discovery technologies · 2026Review
- Young anatomists perceptions of aorta-celiac trunk models and their use in anatomical education training.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2025Article
- Recent advances in 3D printing applications for CNS tumours.European journal of medical research · 2025Review
- Review
- Research and application discussion of cranial bone model preparation method based on three-dimensional reconstruction and 3D printing technology.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2024Article
- The Integration of 3D Virtual Reality and 3D Printing Technology as Innovative Approaches to Preoperative Planning in Neuro-Oncology.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Article
- Pixels to precision: Neuroradiology's leap into 3D printing for personalized medicine.Journal of clinical imaging science · 2024Review
- The biomechanical behavior of 3D printed human femoral bones based on generic and patient-specific geometries.3D printing in medicine · 2022Article
- Review
- Review
- Pre-clinical remote undergraduate medical education during the COVID-19 pandemic: a survey study.BMC medical education · 2021Article
- Three-dimensional printing in anatomy teaching: current evidence.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2020Review
- Pre-Clinical Remote Undergraduate Medical Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Survey Study .Research square · 2020Article
- Accuracy of ITK-SNAP software for 3D analysis of a non-regular topography structure.Oral radiology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeIn many medical schools, the study of Anatomy is becoming increasingly theoretical owing to the difficulty of having human body parts available, rather than offering the students the possibility of a more realistic and practical approach. We developed a project where we use a 3D printer to produce models of the human skull bones, with high quality and quantity to satisfy the needs for Anatomy classes and to be available for request to study at home.
methodsWe selected regular and well-shaped bones of the head upon which we based the 3D models. These bones were scanned using a 64-channel Computed Tomography (high-resolution volumetric acquisition) and the resulting images were then processed with a segmentation software to isolate and reconstruct the structures of interest. The final digital three-dimensional objects were converted into a printable file that the 3D printer could read. We used two filament extrusion type 3D printers, the Prusa i3 and the Zortrax M200.
resultsWe have printed successfully several models of the skull bones, such as the temporal, occipital, and sphenoid. All the models have obtained good anatomical detail, thus demonstrating the practicality of this technology. Key aspects of the CT image post-processing are discussed. The production process is cost-effective and technically accessible.
conclusionsThese results confirm the potential of 3D printing to create more complex models (e.g. regional, vascular, nervous system structures) that would allow a similar experience compared with a dissection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.