ArticleOncoimmunology
TGF-β enhances the cytotoxic activity of Vδ2 T cells.
Article in Oncoimmunology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Engineering CAR-Vδ2 T cells to boost persistence and anti-tumor function.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Re-Tooling of γδ T Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy Using Advanced Manufacturing and Genetic Engineering.Cells · 2026Review
- Clinical-scale 10-day TCR-T cell manufacturing using IL-2/7/15 and TGF-β promotes early memory and tissue-resident-like phenotypes and robust antitumor activityFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Proteomic profiling of circulating extracellular vesicles from COVID-19 patients and their impact on innate Vdelta2 T-cell response.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Genetic engineering and allogeneic optimization of Vδ1 γδ CAR-T cells (ADI-270) for cancer immunotherapy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Expansion strategies for Vδ2 γδT cells in cancer immunotherapy: Activation, cytokines, and culture conditions.World journal of clinical oncology · 2025Review
- Targeted expansion of cytotoxic T cells using IL-12 and CD137L supplementation enhances antitumor efficacy.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2025Article
- Potentiating CAR-T cell function in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by inverting the TGF-β signal.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
- Innateness transcriptome gradients characterize mouse T lymphocyte populations.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2025Article
- γδ T Cell-mediated Tumor Immunity is Tightly Regulated by STING and TGF-β Signaling Pathways.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Central memory-enriched Vγ9Vδ2 γδ T cells via TGF-β expansion demonstrate enhancedFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- γδ T cells in immune-mediated kidney disease.European journal of immunology · 2024Review
- Human platelet lysate enhances in vivo activity of CAR-Vδ2 T cells by reducing cellular senescence and apoptosis.Cytotherapy · 2024Article
- Advancements in γδT cell engineering: paving the way for enhanced cancer immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Directing the migration of serum-free,Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- TGFβ control of immune responses in cancer: a holistic immuno-oncology perspective.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2023Review
- TGF-β controls development of TCRγδCell discovery · 2023Article
- Gamma delta T-cell-based immune checkpoint therapy: attractive candidate for antitumor treatment.Molecular cancer · 2023Review
- Ligand-based targeting of c-kit using engineered γδ T cells as a strategy for treating acute myeloid leukemia.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Strategies to improve γδTCRs engineered T-cell therapies for the treatment of solid malignancies.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
TGF-β is a pleiotropic cytokine with multiple roles in immunity. Apart from its suppressive activity, TGF-β is a driving cytokine in the differentiation of induced regulatory T cells (iTreg) but also in the polarization of interleukin-9 (IL-9) producing T helper 9 (Th9) T cells. Human Vδ2 expressing γδ T cells exert potent cytotoxicity towards a variety of solid tumor and leukemia/lymphoma target cells and thus are in the focus of current strategies to develop cell-based immunotherapies. Here we report that TGF-β unexpectedly augments the cytotoxic effector activity of short-term expanded Vδ2 T cells when purified γδ T cells are activated with specific pyrophosphate antigens and IL-2 or IL-15 in the presence of TGF-β. TGF-β up-regulates the expression of CD54, CD103, interferon-γ, IL-9 and granzyme B in γδ T cells while CD56 and CD11a/CD18 are down-regulated. Moreover, we show that CD103 (αE/β7 integrin) is recruited to the immunological synapse in γδ T cells. Increased cytotoxic activity of TGF-β-exposed γδ T cells is reduced by anti-CD103 and further diminished upon additional anti-CD11a antibody treatment, pointing to a role of cellular adhesion in the enhanced cytolytic activity. Furthermore, magnetically sorted CD103-positive Vδ2 T cells exhibit superior cytolytic activity. In view of the importance of CD103 for tissue homing of lymphocytes, our results suggest that adoptive transfer of CD103-expressing Vδ2 T cells might favor their homing to solid tumors.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.