ArticleBiomedical reports2018
Inhibition of osteoblast differentiation by ritonavir.
Article in Biomedical reports, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- AIDS patients suffer higher risk of advanced knee osteoarthritis progression due to lopinavir-induced Zmpste24 inhibition.Bone research · 2025Article
- Red light-emitting diode therapy minimizes the functional deleterious effects of the antiretroviral ritonavir on osteoblasts in vitro.Lasers in medical science · 2024Article
- Consequences of HIV infection in the bone marrow niche.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Transcriptional Effects of Candidate COVID-19 Treatments on Cardiac Myocytes.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Osteoporosis is one of the chronic complications seen in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, and affects patients at high prevalence. The causes of osteoporosis in HIV-infected patients are multiple, and include chronic HIV infection, living habits such as smoking and alcohol consumption, and antiretroviral drug use. Among antiretroviral drugs, protease inhibitors have been reported to be associated with osteoporosis. However, it remains to be determined how anti-HIV drugs affect osteoblast differentiation. In the current study, MC3T3-E1 cells, a mouse osteoblastic cell line, were cultured in osteoblast differentiation medium with or without different protease inhibitors (ritonavir, lopinavir, darunavir or atazanavir), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the expression of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) were analyzed. The ALP activity in MC3T3-E1 cells cultured with ritonavir was significantly reduced compared with that in cells in only osteoblast inducer reagent, indicating that ritonavir inhibited osteoblast differentiation. Meanwhile, ALP activity was not reduced in cells cultured with any of the other inhibitors. In addition, ritonavir inhibited the expression of Runx2, a key regulator of osteoblast differentiation, in the early period of osteoblast differentiation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that ritonavir inhibits osteoblast differentiation
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